Crocin, a plant-derived carotenoid, modulates microglial reactivity

Yorgun, Mücella Arıkan; Rashid, Khalid; Aslanidis, Alexander; Bresgen, Charlotte; Dannhausen, Katharina; Langmann, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.09.007

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…BB extract in combined treatment with LPS was able to partially reverse this phenotype. This data are consistent with the study of Yorgun et al (2017), showing that crocin treatment, a plant-derived carotenoid, reverses LPS ameboid phenotype in BV-2 microglial cells [ 63 ]. In addition, resveratrol, one the main polyphenols of grape, induces filopodia formation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells [ 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Blueberry Counteracts BV-2 Microglia Morphological and Functional Switch after LPS Challenge

et al. 2020

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Microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, respond to brain injury by activating and modifying their morphology. Our study arises from the great interest that has been focused on blueberry (BB) for the antioxidant and pharmacological properties displayed by its components. We analyzed the influence of hydroalcoholic BB extract in resting or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia BV-2 cells. BB exerted a protective effect against LPS-induced cytotoxicity, as indicated by cell viability. BB was also able to influence the actin cytoskeleton organization, to recover the control phenotype after LPS insult, and also to reduce LPS-driven migration. We evaluated the activity of Rho and Rac1 GTPases, which regulate both actin cytoskeletal organization and migratory capacity. LPS caused an increase in Rac1 activity, which was counteracted by BB extract. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, in the presence of BB, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α decreased, as did the immunofluorescence signal of iNOS, whereas that of Arg-1 was increased. Taken together, our results show that, during the inflammatory response, BB extract shifts the M1 polarization towards the M2 phenotype through an actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. Based on that, we might consider BB as a nutraceutical with anti-inflammatory activities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Blueberry Counteracts BV-2 Microglia Morphological and Functional Switch after LPS Challenge

et al. 2020

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“…Interestingly, amyloid- β accumulates in drusen in the eyes of patients with AMD, and crocin has been shown to reduce NO release from microglia stimulated with interferon- γ and amyloid- β [ 85 ]. In a similar study, crocins stimulated microglial phagocytosis, which is important for retinal homeostasis, and significantly reduced gene expression of IL-6 and CCL2 [ 86 ]. These authors also reported that crocin inhibited iNOS gene expression and NO production in LPS-challenged BV-2 microglia [ 86 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a similar study, crocins stimulated microglial phagocytosis, which is important for retinal homeostasis, and significantly reduced gene expression of IL-6 and CCL2 [ 86 ]. These authors also reported that crocin inhibited iNOS gene expression and NO production in LPS-challenged BV-2 microglia [ 86 ]. These results suggest that crocins and crocetin may provide neuroprotection by reducing the production of various neurotoxic molecules by activated microglia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond AREDS Formulations, What Is Next for Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration (iAMD) Treatment? Potential Benefits of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Apocarotenoids as Neuroprotectors

Camelo

Latil

Veillet

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the commonest cause of severe visual loss and blindness in developed countries among individuals aged 60 and older. AMD slowly progresses from early AMD to intermediate AMD (iAMD) and ultimately late-stage AMD. Late AMD encompasses either neovascular AMD (nAMD) or geographic atrophy (GA). nAMD is defined by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and hemorrhage in the subretinal space at the level of the macula. This induces a rapid visual impairment caused by the death of photoreceptor cells. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies is the standard treatment of nAMD but adds to the burden of patient care. GA is characterized by slowly expanding photoreceptor, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration patches progressively leading to blindness. There is currently no therapy to cure GA. Late AMD continues to be an unmet medical need representing a major health problem with millions of patients worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are recognized as some of the main risk factors to developing late AMD. The antioxidant formulation AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Studies), contains β-carotene, which has been replaced by lutein and zeaxanthin in AREDS2, are given to patients with iAMD but have a limited effect on the incidence of nAMD and GA. Thus, to avoid or slowdown the development of late stages of AMD (nAMD or GA), new therapies targeting iAMD are needed such as crocetin obtained through hydrolysis of crocin, an important component of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), and norbixin derived from bixin extracted from Bixa orellana seeds. We have shown that these apocarotenoids preserved more effectively RPE cells against apoptosis following blue light exposure in the presence of A2E than lutein and zeaxanthin. In this review, we will discuss the potential use of apocarotenoids to slowdown the progression of iAMD, to reduce the incidence of both forms of late AMD.

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“…Geniposide also showed similar protective effects in LPS-exposed macrophages and in mice challenged with LPS ( 42 ). Crocin, another active compound identified in G. Jasminoides , also showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and decreasing nitric oxide production ( 43 , 44 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‑inflammatory activities of Gardenia jasminoides extracts in retinal pigment epithelial cells and zebrafish embryos

et al. 2021

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of visual impairment in developed countries. Inflammation serves a critical role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Gardenia jasminoides is found in several regions of China and is traditionally used as an organic yellow dye but has also been widely used as a therapeutic agent in numerous diseases, including inflammation, depression, hepatic and vascular disorders, which may reflect the variability of functional compounds that are present in Gardenia jasminoides extracts (GJE). To investigate the therapeutic potential of GJE for AMD, ARPE-19 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS plus GJE. GJE significantly decreased LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In the in vivo study, GJE inhibited CuSO4-induced migration of primitive macrophages to the lateral line in zebrafish embryos. GJE also attenuated expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), NFKB activating protein ( nkap ) and TLR4 in ARPE-19 cells. The results of the present study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of GJE in vitro and in vivo , and suggested GJE as a therapeutic candidate for AMD.

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Crocin, a plant-derived carotenoid, modulates microglial reactivity

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Blueberry Counteracts BV-2 Microglia Morphological and Functional Switch after LPS Challenge

Blueberry Counteracts BV-2 Microglia Morphological and Functional Switch after LPS Challenge

Beyond AREDS Formulations, What Is Next for Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration (iAMD) Treatment? Potential Benefits of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Apocarotenoids as Neuroprotectors

Anti‑inflammatory activities of Gardenia jasminoides extracts in retinal pigment epithelial cells and zebrafish embryos

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