Crocin Abrogates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats via Modulation of Metabolizing Enzymes and Diminution of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract

This work aimed at investigating the potential modulatory effects and mechanisms of crocin against CCl4 -induced nephrotoxicity. Forty male rats were allocated for three weeks treatment with corn oil, CCl4 , crocin, or crocin plus CCl4 . Crocin effectively mitigated CCl4 -induced kidney injury as evidenced by amelioration of alterations in kidney histopathology, renal weight/100 g body weight ratio and kidney functions. Crocin modulated CCl4 -induced disturbance of kidney cytochrom-P450 subfamily 2E1 and glutathione-S-transferase. The attenuation of crocin to kidney injury was also associated with suppression of oxidative stress via reduction of lipid peroxides along with induction of renal glutathione content and enhancement of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities. Crocin mitigated CCl4 -induced elevation of the renal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, and active caspases-3. Collectively, crocin alleviated CCl4 -induced renal damage via modulation of kidney metabolizing enzymes, suppression of oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, PGE2, and active caspase3 in kidney.

Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate has hepatoprotective effects in an oxaliplatin‑induced model of liver injury

“…However, there was a great risk that the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to the pathological changes in the liver of experimental animals would be different from those of patients receiving chemotherapy, because of the different drugs used to cause it. The side-effects induced by toxic agents are also a difficulty, including the renal toxicity of tetrachloromethane and pulmonary hypertension as a result of monocrotaline exposure ( 36 , 37 ). More valuable information could be derived from studying the liver-protecting effect against chemotherapy in an animal model induced by a chemotherapy reagent, rather than toxins.…”

Antiinflammatory, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Effects ofCrocus sativusL. and its Main Constituents

“…It was reported that crocins (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, i.p., for four consecutive days) significantly decreased blood urea, creatinine, urinary glucose, protein concentrations, and oxidative stress indices in rats exposed to CDDP (5 mg/kg) (Naghizadeh et al ., ). α‐crocin ameliorated carbon tetrachloride‐induced renal toxicity in rats by improving altered metabolizing enzymes and oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses (Hassan et al ., ).…”

“…sativus petals and have been shown to be associated with its health effects (Hosseinzadeh and Younesi, ). It seems that the plant and its ingredients may be effective against inflammatory and immune system disorders via modulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and immune factors (Boskabady et al ., ; El‐Beshbishy et al ., ; Hassan et al ., ). The inflammatory, immune, and oxidative systems may be disturbed by various physical, chemical, and biologic agents such as exposure to corrosive chemicals, excessive amounts of x‐rays, sunlight, and radioactive materials, extreme temperatures, or by pathogenic microorganisms and mechanical trauma (Gholamnezhad et al ., ).…”

Pomegranate peel extract protects against carbon tetrachloride‑induced nephrotoxicity in mice through increasing antioxidants status

“…CCl4 has been shown to induce acute nephrotoxicity with apoptotic renal damage by increasing the renal levels of active Caspases-3. Furthermore, CCl4 is capable of increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis in other organs such as the liver (55). Co-administration of PPE with CCl4 resulted in a decrease in Caspase-3 levels, further highlighting the protective effects of PPE against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, as a result of diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital mediated apoptosis in the kidney (29).…”