Crocin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by protecting against glycocalyx damage and suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways

Zhang, Dong; Qi, Boyang; Zhu, Wei Wei; Huang, Xiao; Wang, Xiaozhi

doi:10.1007/s00011-019-01314-z

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The main features of ARDS are lung endothelial cell injury, severe inflammatory responses, neutrophil adhesion or infiltration, and interstitial edema. Vascular endothelial glycocalyx and inflammatory responses are crucial for the pathogenesis of ARDS [ 105 ]. Pulmonary edema associated with albumin leakage is closely related to degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx [ 100 ].…”

Section: Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Dysfunction Induces a Severementioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial glycocalyx damage as a systemic inflammatory microvascular endotheliopathy in COVID-19

Yamaoka‐Tojo

2020

Biomedical Journal

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In atherosclerosis patients, vascular endothelial dysfunction is commonly observed alongside damage of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, an extracellular matrix bound to and encapsulating the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall. Although atherosclerotic risk factors have been reported in severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the exact mechanisms are unclear. The mortality associated with the COVID-19 outbreak is increased by comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular disease. Besides, older individuals and smokers have significantly worse outcomes. Interestingly, these comorbidities and risk factors are consistent with the pathophysiology that causes vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage. Moreover, vascular glycocalyx dysfunction causes microvascular leakage, which results in interstitial pulmonary abnormal shadows (multiple patchy shadows with a ground glass inter-pneumonic appearance). This is frequently followed by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), closely related to coagulo-fibrinolytic changes contributing to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, as well as inducing activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to thromboembolism and multiple organ failure. Notably, SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, binds to ACE2, which is abundantly present not only in human epithelia of the lung and the small intestine, but also in vascular endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells. Moreover, COVID-19 can induce severe septic shock, and sepsis can easily lead to systemic degradation of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx. In the current review, we propose new concepts and therapeutic goals for COVID-19-related vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage, based on previous vascular endothelial medicine research.

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Section: Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Dysfunction Induces a Severementioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial glycocalyx damage as a systemic inflammatory microvascular endotheliopathy in COVID-19

Yamaoka‐Tojo

2020

Biomedical Journal

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“…Additionally, crocin has been shown to relieve the effects of LPS-induced acute lung injury by suppressing NF-kB and MAPK pro-inflammatory cascades. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), heparanse, and two glycocalyx shedding enzymes overactivated in inflammatory lung diseases were also decreased by crocin (Zhang et al, 2020b). In a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with mild to moderate asthma, a saffron powder supplement was administered for two months.…”

Section: Saffron (Crocus Sativus L)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Traditional Persian Medicine for the Management of SARS-CoV-2

Bahramsoltani

Rahimi

2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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A new coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged and with it, a global investigation of new antiviral treatments and supportive care for organ failure due to this life-threatening viral infection. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is one of the most ancient medical doctrines mostly known with the manuscripts of Avicenna and Rhazes. In this paper, we first introduce a series of medicinal plants that would potentially be beneficial in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection according to TPM textbooks. Then, we review medicinal plants based on the pharmacological studies obtained from electronic databases and discuss their mechanism of action in SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are several medicinal plants in TPM with cardiotonic, kidney tonic, and pulmonary tonic activities, protecting the lung, heart, and kidney, the three main vulnerable organs in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some medicinal plants can prevent “humor infection”, a situation described in TPM which has similar features to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pharmacological evaluations are in line with the therapeutic activities of several plants mentioned in TPM, mostly through antiviral, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Amongst the primarily-introduced medicinal plants from TPM, rhubarb, licorice, garlic, saffron, galangal, and clove are the most studied plants and represent candidates for clinical studies. The antiviral compounds isolated from these plants provide novel molecular structures to design new semisynthetic antiviral agents. Future clinical studies in healthy volunteers as well as patients suffering from pulmonary infections are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these plants as complementary and integrative interventions in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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“…Dysfunction of the glycocalyx can also cause microvascular leakage, and evidence of EG shedding was discovered in ARDS established after flu syndrome [ 18 ]. Moreover, the carotenoid chemical compound, crocin, alleviated LPS-induced ARDS by means of protecting against glycocalyx damage [ 19 ].…”

Section: Pulmonary Endothelial Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial Damage in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Vassiliou

Κοτανίδου

Dimopoulou

et al. 2020

IJMS

161

104

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The pulmonary endothelium is a metabolically active continuous monolayer of squamous endothelial cells that internally lines blood vessels and mediates key processes involved in lung homoeostasis. Many of these processes are disrupted in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is marked among others by diffuse endothelial injury, intense activation of the coagulation system and increased capillary permeability. Most commonly occurring in the setting of sepsis, ARDS is a devastating illness, associated with increased morbidity and mortality and no effective pharmacological treatment. Endothelial cell damage has an important role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and several biomarkers of endothelial damage have been tested in determining prognosis. By further understanding the endothelial pathobiology, development of endothelial-specific therapeutics might arise. In this review, we will discuss the underlying pathology of endothelial dysfunction leading to ARDS and emerging therapies. Furthermore, we will present a brief overview demonstrating that endotheliopathy is an important feature of hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

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Crocin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by protecting against glycocalyx damage and suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

Endothelial glycocalyx damage as a systemic inflammatory microvascular endotheliopathy in COVID-19

Endothelial glycocalyx damage as a systemic inflammatory microvascular endotheliopathy in COVID-19

An Evaluation of Traditional Persian Medicine for the Management of SARS-CoV-2

Endothelial Damage in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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