Currently, the demand and need for bioanalytical and analytical methodologies that promotes rapid and selective analysis has stimulated the development of sorbents for sample preparation and stationary phases for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, this thesis aims to develop materials using silica precursors with application in sample preparation and chromatographic supports for ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Thus, in this study two sorbents were synthesized and characterized and their applicability was demonstrated in the extraction of drugs in biological fluids employing the solid phase extraction technique (SPE). The first method developed was the synthesis of silica particles employing low cost precursors (sodium silicate) using the silgel method. After functionalization with C18 group and characterization of the extraction phase, the synthesized material was applied to SPE off-line for the determination of fluoxetine and its metabolite, norfluoxetine, in human plasma by HPLC-UV. The method was validated and applied to plasma samples from patients treated with fluoxetine. Furthermore, the labmade sorbent presented similar results when compared with commercial ones. The second method developed used the molecular imprinting technique (MIP) that has become an attractive sorbent due to its greater selectivity over the typical phases employed in SPE. At the same time, the use of online SPE with MIP (MISPE) is an attractive alternative in sample preparation because it is simple, reduces the total time of analysis, needs little amount of sample and can be automated. Thus, MIP amino-functionalized by the sol-gel method using ibuprofen as template was synthesized. For comparison, the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was prepared under the same conditions without the presence of template. LC analysis was performed using a MIP extraction column and a reverse phase analytical column in order to perform column switching on-line sample separation. The developed method, MISPE-HPLC-UV, was validated and applied to the selective extraction of five anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human urine with a total analysis time of 22 minutes. Moreover it was evaluated the synthesis and characterization of chromatographic support based on silica with particle diameter under 2 µm with applicability in fast LC analysis (UHPLC). In this instance, spherical particles of non-porous silica (0.9 µm) were synthesized by sol-gel method with RSD below 10 %. The particles were functionalized with the C18 group and submitted to the endcapping process with TMS to operate in reverse phase mode. Physico-chemical methods were used to determine the morphology, surface area and amount of carbon in the silica surface. Additionally, the infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques provided information about the structure of silica and bonds after the functionalization step. The stationary phase was packed into a column (40 mm x 0.25 mm), and its applicability was evaluated in capillary liquid chromatography...