Cronobacter spp.

Parra‐Flores, Julio; Cruz‐Córdova, Ariadnna; Acuña, Sergio; Sepúlveda, Francisca Riffo; Maury‐Sintjago, Eduard; Rodríguez‐Fernández, Alejandra; Aguirre, Juan; Holý, Ondřej

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.22985-5

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The cgMLST scheme analysis revealed a cluster of six C. sakazakii ST1 strains with one to three allele differences and ST83 strain with 3,043 allele difference ( Figure 1 ). C. sakazakii ST1 has been most frequently isolated from commercial PIF in various countries, from processing equipment for PIF manufacturing, and from patients with fatal meningitis, septicemia, or urinary tract infections ( Joseph and Forsythe, 2012 ; Fei et al, 2015 ; Holý et al, 2021 ; Parra-Flores et al, 2021 ). Lepuschitz et al (2017) , in their multicenter study of infections caused by C. sakazakii in Europe, studied eight isolates identified as C. sakazakii ST1 that included two isolates from newborns’ feces with an epidemiological link to an outbreak in Austria in 2009.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Cronobacter has diversified over the course of its evolution, with some species pathogenic to humans and other species whose impact on human health is still unknown ( Forsythe, 2018 ). C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus were reported are the species with the highest clinical significance, having been involved in cases and outbreaks reported in the literature ( Forsythe, 2018 ; Parra-Flores et al, 2021 ). However, information on the diversity, pathogenicity, and virulence of Cronobacter species obtained from various sources is still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Parra‐Flores

Holý

Riffo³

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Cronobacter sakazakii is an enteropathogen that causes neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants and newborns with a mortality rate of 15 to 80%. Powdered and dairy formulas (P-DF) have been implicated as major transmission vehicles and subsequently the presence of this pathogen in P-DF led to product recalls in Chile in 2017. The objective of this study was to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) and laboratory studies to characterize Cronobacter strains from the contaminated products. Seven strains were identified as C. sakazakii, and the remaining strain was Franconibacter helveticus. All C. sakazakii strains adhered to a neuroblastoma cell line, and 31 virulence genes were predicted by WGS. The antibiograms varied between strains. and included mcr-9.1 and blaCSA genes, conferring resistance to colistin and cephalothin, respectively. The C. sakazakii strains encoded I-E and I-F CRISPR-Cas systems, and carried IncFII(pECLA), Col440I, and Col(pHHAD28) plasmids. In summary, WGS enabled the identification of C. sakazakii strains and revealed multiple antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. These findings support the decision to recall the contaminated powdered and dairy formulas from the Chilean market in 2017.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Parra‐Flores

Holý

Riffo³

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Powdered milk formulas intended for infants < 6 mo (PIF) are the most used dietary substitutes that are used in order to supplement breastfeeding; however, these products are not sterile [ 1 , 2 ]. For this reason, food safety control is a fundamental objective of regulatory agencies and manufacturers as this product is consumed by infants whose immune system is vulnerable and whose intestinal flora is still developing [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus Isolated from Powdered Infant Formula a Hazard for Infants? A Genomic Analysis

Parra‐Flores

Rosel

Daza-Prieto

et al. 2022

Foods

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Powdered infant formulas (PIF) are the most used dietary substitutes that are used in order to supplement breastfeeding. However, PIF are not sterile and can be contaminated with different microorganisms. The objective of this study was to genomically characterize Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) and Enterococcus strains that were isolated from PIF. Strains were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Genomic typing, detection of virulence, and resistance profiles and genes were performed with the Ridom SeqSphere+ software; the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database (CARD) platform; ResFinder and PlasmidFinder tools; and by the disk diffusion method. Nineteen isolates from PIF were analyzed, including ENT such as Kosakonia cowanii, Enterobacter hormaechei, Franconibacter helveticus, Mixta calida, and lactic acid bacteria such as Enterococcus faecium. The strains exhibited resistance to beta-lactams, cephalosporins, and macrolides. Resistance genes such as AcrAB-TolC, marA, msbA, knpEF, oqxAB, fosA, blaACT-7, blaACT-14, qacJ, oqxAB, aac(6’)-Ii, and msr(C); and virulence genes such as astA, cheB, cheR, ompA ompX, terC, ironA, acm, and efaAfm, adem were also detected. All the analyzed strains possessed genes that produced heat-shock proteins, such as IbpA and ClpL. In PIF, the presence of ENT and Enterococcus that are multiresistant to antibiotics—together with resistance and virulence genes—pose a health risk for infants consuming these food products.

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Cronobacter spp.

Cited by 2 publications

References 50 publications

Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Are Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus Isolated from Powdered Infant Formula a Hazard for Infants? A Genomic Analysis

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