Crop domestication relaxes both top-down and bottom-up effects on a specialist herbivore

Wang, Xingeng; Nadel, Hannah; Johnson, Marshall W.; Daane, Kent M.; Hoelmer, Kim A.; Walton, Vaughn M.; Pickett, Charles H.; Sime, Karen R.

doi:10.1016/j.baae.2008.06.003

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This was consistent with laboratory studies in which Wang et al (2009b) and Daane et al (2008) suggest that the relatively short ovipositor lengths of P. humilis (reported as P. concolor) and P. lounsburyi, respectively, might be an impairment for their successful oviposition when B. oleae feeds in larger cultivated fruit compared with smaller wild fruit. In a companion study, the ovipositor length of P. lounsburyi was reported as significantly shorter than that of P. humilis (Wang et al 2009c), which may further reduce the parasitism rates by P. lounsburyi relative to P. humilis. Wang et al (2009c) hypothesize that olive domestication, which resulted in larger fruit, created a structural refuge for larval B. oleae from the attack by more specialized braconid parasitoids that evolved in association with B. oleae in the smaller, wild olive fruit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a companion study, the ovipositor length of P. lounsburyi was reported as significantly shorter than that of P. humilis (Wang et al 2009c), which may further reduce the parasitism rates by P. lounsburyi relative to P. humilis. Wang et al (2009c) hypothesize that olive domestication, which resulted in larger fruit, created a structural refuge for larval B. oleae from the attack by more specialized braconid parasitoids that evolved in association with B. oleae in the smaller, wild olive fruit. The influence of a parasitoid's ovipositor length and parasitoid effectiveness relative to fruit fly feeding habits and fruit morphology has similarly been discussed by other researchers Sivinski et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative evaluation of two olive fruit fly parasitoids under varying abiotic conditions

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Psyttalia lounsburyi (Silvestri) and P. humilis (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were evaluated in California for their potential to control the invasive olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Psyttalia lounsburyi is a specialist on B. oleae while P. humilis also attacks other tephritid species. Field cage trials, conducted from 2006 to 2009, were used to compare P. lounsburyi and two populations of P. humilis (Kenya and Namibia) in California's interior valley and coastal regions. Both parasitoid species reproduced on B. oleae in all trials. Under similar abiotic conditions, offspring production per female was higher in P. humilis than in P. lounsburyi, suggesting that host specificity by P. lounsburyi does not confer a higher efficiency on B. oleae in cultivated olives. Two abiotic factors were shown to impact parasitoid efficiency. First, adult parasitoid survival was poor during periods of high summer temperatures, common to the olive production areas in California's interior valleys. Second, parasitism levels were lower on B. oleae larvae feeding in larger Ascolano cv. fruit than in smaller Manzanillo cv. fruit. Results are discussed relative to biological control of B. oleae in commercial olives and the usefulness of natural enemies specialized to attack fruit flies in wild olives compared with the larger cultivated olive fruit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of two olive fruit fly parasitoids under varying abiotic conditions

et al. 2010

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“…Previous hypotheses have attributed low rates of parasitism in part to physical difficulties in locating immature stages of fruit flies within large fruits Wang et al 2009). Our results showed the lowest parasitism rate recorded from M. indica cultivars but the highest from the wild fruit crop species habitats such as A. senegalensis and S. latifolius where larvae are closer to the fruit surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The African continent has been the focus of several biological control programs, with a particular focus on collections and surveys of parasitoids for export to other regions to control pests such as Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Neuenschwander 1982;Steck et al 1986;Wharton et al 2000;Mkize et al 2008;Wang et al 2009;Rugman-Jones et al 2009). Although some of the previous surveys have included Benin and adjacent countries (Silvestri 1914;Steck et al 1986), mangoes were not included among the fruits sampled, and throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, there has been little effort to date to survey natural enemies attacking tephritid pests of mangos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preliminary inventory of parasitoids associated with fruit flies in mangoes, guavas, cashew pepper and wild fruit crops in Benin

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Fruit flies are pests of great economic importance due to their quarantine pest status and losses recorded in West Africa. An inventory of parasitoids associated with fruit flies in mangoes, guavas, cashew, pepper and major wild fruit crops was carried out in northern-central Benin in 2005, 2006, and 2008. Tephritid parasitoids reared from fieldcollected fruits belonged to three families: Braconidae (97.2%), Eulophidae (1.6%) and Pteromalidae (1.2%). Fopius caudatus (Sze´pligeti) accounted for 73.8% of all the parasitoids and therefore was the most abundant and widely distributed parasitoid. The parasitism rate was 7.7%, with the highest recorded in wild fruit crop habitat. Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) (77%) was the fly host most commonly reared from fruits that produced F. caudatus. The recently introduced pest Bactrocera invadens Drew Tsuruta and White was rarely parasitized and only by Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at this time. This is the first report of the inventory of one native parasitoid species from B. invadens in Africa, especially in West Africa. (Résumé d'auteur

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“…Other biological factors may also influence the dynamics of the fly and parasitoid. Grand Avenue had the lowest fly numbers but highest parasitism rates in SLO; a potential explanation for higher parasitism there is that the site had smaller olive fruit than the other SLO sites, which may allow greater access by the parasitoid to hosts feeding deep within the pulp as demonstrated for other B. oleae parasitoids (Wang et al, 2009b). From an economic perspective, parasitism levels as observed in coastal landscape olives are associated with host populations that are still unacceptably high for the commercial table olive production, which has a zero-tolerance level set by the table olive industry, and furthermore P. nr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and parasitism rates of Pteromalus nr. myopitae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a newly discovered parasitoid of olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in coastal California

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Biology and parasitism rates of Pteromalus nr. myopitae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a newly discovered parasitoid of olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in coastal California a b s t r a c tAn undescribed wasp, Pteromalus nr. myopitae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) opportunistically parasitizes the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), an introduced pest of olives in California. The native or typical host of P. nr. myopitae is unknown. We demonstrate that P. nr. myopitae is a solitary, ectoparasitic, idiobiont parasitoid of the third instar host inside fruit, and pupation occurs in the host tunnel. Reproduction of P. nr. myopitae on B. oleae in olives in the laboratory and in field cages generally failed. Host-feeding was not observed, and adults fed honey and water lived longer than those provided with water alone. Parasitism in non-commercial olives in the moderate coastal climate of San Luis Obispo occurred primarily from August to October, and was absent from a nearby location with more extreme climate and a low population of B. oleae. Greater parasitoid numbers were associated with greater host densities, and proportion of hosts parasitized was generally higher at lower host densities during 2 years of the study. The geographic range of the parasitoid extends along the coast from San Francisco Bay to Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, and also inland in the Sacramento Valley, with one record in the San Joaquin Valley. The potential of the parasitoid as a biological control agent of B. oleae is probably low, however, the extent of its interference with other parasitoids being considered for release in California is unknown and warrants further study.

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Crop domestication relaxes both top-down and bottom-up effects on a specialist herbivore

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative evaluation of two olive fruit fly parasitoids under varying abiotic conditions

Comparative evaluation of two olive fruit fly parasitoids under varying abiotic conditions

Preliminary inventory of parasitoids associated with fruit flies in mangoes, guavas, cashew pepper and wild fruit crops in Benin

Biology and parasitism rates of Pteromalus nr. myopitae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a newly discovered parasitoid of olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in coastal California

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