Crop losses due to diseases and their implications for global food production losses and food security

Savary, Serge; Ficke, Andrea; Aubertot, Jean‐Noël; Hollier, C. A.

doi:10.1007/s12571-012-0200-5

Cited by 883 publications

(464 citation statements)

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“…Al respecto, entre el 20-40% de las cosechas, se pierde por efecto de microorganismos, bien sea en planta o durante el transporte y almacenamiento (Savary et al 2012); para tratar de mantener la producción alimentos en los niveles que exige una creciente población, han sido aplicadas millones de toneladas de sustancias sintéticas, muchas de ellas cuestionadas desde los puntos de vista toxicológico y ecológico. Como consecuencia, entidades estatales y supranacionales, tales como la EPA en Estados Unidos y la EFSA en la Unión Europea, están imponiendo drásticas reglamentaciones al registro y uso de nuevos pesticidas y han reducido notablemente las materias primas necesarias para su elaboración (EPA 2010;European Commission, 2008;Nougadère et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultadosy Discusión Los Orígenesunclassified

La protección del banano contra la Sigatoka Negra por métodos no biocidas

Echeverri

2014

Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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RESUMENEcheverri F.: La protección del banano contra la Sigatoka Negra por métodos no biocidas. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 37 (145): 519-525, 2013. ISSN 0370-3908. La investigación básica es necesaria para crear bienes útiles a la sociedad o para mejorar procesos tecnológicos; actualmente se requieren nuevas alternativas para controlar microorganismos patogénicos a cosechas importantes. En este trabajo se reporta la búsqueda de nuevos métodos y moléculas contra el hongo Mycosphaerella fijiensis f. sp. difformis, causante de la enfermedad conocida como Sigatoka Negra en banano y plátanos, que afecta las exportaciones colombianas y requiere la aplicación de altas cantidades de pesticidas sintéticos contaminantes. Mas allá de los conocimientos científicos y tecnológicos, otros hechos se deben considerar al desarrollar un producto para el mercado de los agroquímicos Palabras Clave: banano; enfermedad, hongo, control, protección ABSTRACT Basic science research is necessary to create innovative goods for the society or to improve technological process; now, other alternatives are required to control pathogenic microorganism to important crops. In this paper, new methods and molecules are reported against the M. fijensis f. sp. difformis, the causal agent of the disease named Black Sigatoka in banana and plantain, which affects colombian exports and requires the application of high amounts of synthetic pesticides. Beyond science and technology knowledge, other facts must be considered to develop a novel product for the agrochemical market.Keywords: banana, disease, fungi, control, protection IntroducciónEn los países en desarrollo, son usuales los reclamos de algunos sectores de la sociedad respecto a los reducidos aportes que le generan la academia y la investigación, cuando hay graves problemáticas industriales, sanitarias, nutricionales y económicas que debe solucionarse urgentemente. De manera paralela a esos problemas, también hay una alto potencial

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Section: Resultadosy Discusión Los Orígenesunclassified

La protección del banano contra la Sigatoka Negra por métodos no biocidas

Echeverri

2014

Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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“…Plant pathogens account for substantial yield losses worldwide (Savary et al 2012). It has been estimated that pre-harvest pathogens cause yield losses of 9-15% in crop production each year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The losses can be a much greater percentage of yield for certain crops (Teng et al 1984;Oerke 2006). Therefore, crop protection plays a key role in maintaining agricultural production with the increasing demand for food due to population growth (Savary et al 2012). Successful management of plant diseases depends on reliable identification of the pathogens and their dispersal mechanisms, correct evaluation of the disease severity and yield loss, and knowledge about pathogenicity determinants (Strange and Scott 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–pathogen interactions in relation to management of light leaf spot disease (caused by Pyrenopeziza brassicae) on Brassica species

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Light leaf spot, caused by Pyrenopeziza brassicae, is the most damaging disease problem in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the United Kingdom. According to recent survey data, the severity of epidemics has increased progressively across the UK, with yield losses of up to £160M per annum in England and more severe epidemics in Scotland. Light leaf spot is a polycyclic disease, with primary inoculum consisting of airborne ascospores produced on diseased debris from the previous cropping season. Splash-dispersed conidia produced on diseased leaves are the main component of the secondary inoculum. Pyrenopeziza brassicae is also able to infect and cause considerable yield losses on vegetable brassicas, especially Brussels sprouts. There may be spread of light leaf spot among different Brassica species. Since they have a wide host range and frequent occurrence of sexual reproduction, P. brassicae populations are likely to have considerable genetic diversity, and evidence suggests population variations between different geographic regions, which need further study. Available disease-management tools are not sufficient to provide adequate control of the disease. There is a need to identify new sources of resistance, which can be integrated with fungicide applications to achieve sustainable management of light leaf spot. Several major resistance genes and quantitative trait loci have been identified in previous studies, but rapid improvements in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underpinning B. napus-P. brassicae interactions can be expected through exploitation of novel genetic and genomic information for brassicas and extracellular fungal pathogens.

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“…Pests and diseases are some of the main production constraints, leading to significant yield losses and sub-standard quality of produce among small-scale farmers (Benin et al 2007;Bukenya 2010;Savary et al 2012). Major pests, such as cassava mosaic disease, cassava brown streak disease, banana bacterial wilt, Striga and wheat stem rust Ug99, constitute a constant threat to the food security and livelihoods of subSaharan African farmers (Vurro et al 2010;Beed 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing plant clinics in the maelstrom of policy reform in Uganda

2014

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Pests and diseases are key production constraints for Ugandan small-scale farmers. In 2010, the Ugandan Government, as part of its agricultural development strategy, adopted plant clinics to improve plant health extension for farmers and to contribute to strengthening disease surveillance. Despite government commitment and a growing demand for this new type of farmer service, effective implementation of plant clinics turned out to be a challenge. We examine how agricultural policies and institutional setups, and their political context, influenced the implementation of plant clinics from 2010 to 2011. We argue that the political agenda surrounding the decentralization and agricultural extension reforms, initiated in 1997, substantially weakened the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries and undermined institutional stability and the effectiveness of delivery of public extension services. Implementation of plant clinics was further affected by a new district reform and the national elections taking place during the study period. The dual purpose of the plant clinics created uncertainty about their organisational belonging. They fell through the cracks of extension and disease control. This was exacerbated by the unclear roles and authority of the Ministry vs. local governments. For plant clinics to succeed the fundamental issues of governance, resources and implementation structure need to be addressed. The Ugandan experience shows the importance of understanding not only the policy and institutional frameworks in which plant clinics operate, but also the effects of political imperatives and donors on policy implementation. This study provides a basis for institutional and policy analysis related to the implementation of plant clinics elsewhere.

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Crop losses due to diseases and their implications for global food production losses and food security

Cited by 883 publications

References 91 publications

La protección del banano contra la Sigatoka Negra por métodos no biocidas

La protección del banano contra la Sigatoka Negra por métodos no biocidas

Host–pathogen interactions in relation to management of light leaf spot disease (caused by Pyrenopeziza brassicae) on Brassica species

Implementing plant clinics in the maelstrom of policy reform in Uganda

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