Crop Losses to Arthropods

Culliney, Thomas W.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5_8

Cited by 133 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…It is estimated that approximately 7% to 50% of all crops are destroyed by pests each year (Culliney, ; Oliveira, Auad, Mendes, & Frizzas, ; Pimentel, ; Sallam, ). To decrease such yield losses billions of kilograms of pesticides are used each year (Alavanja, ; Pimentel, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the insects, cockroaches, moths, and beetles are the most important pests. Beetles are the largest taxon of Insecta and the most important order of pests of stored products (Culliney, ). Beetles may either eat the stored food or contaminate it while feeding on other organisms present in food storage facilities, such as fungi or invertebrates (Bousquet, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant‐Derived Substances Used Against Beetles–Pests of Stored Crops and Food–and Their Mode of Action: A Review

Spochacz

Chowański

Walkowiak-Nowicka

et al. 2018

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Plants are sources of numerous active substances that are used to protect crops. Currently, due to the limitations of using synthetic insecticides, plant products have attracted increasing attention as possible pesticides. In this review, we discuss some of the most interesting plant products (for example, Solanaceae, or Asteraceae extracts, Artemisia absinthium or Citrus spp. essential oils, and single compounds like α-chaconine, or α-solanine) that exhibit insecticidal activity against beetles that are pests of stored food products. Next, we describe and discuss the mode of action of these products, including lethal and sublethal effects, such as antifeedant or neurotoxic activity, ultrastructural malformation, and effects on prooxidant/antioxidant balance. Furthermore, the methods of application of plant-derived substances in food storage areas are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant‐Derived Substances Used Against Beetles–Pests of Stored Crops and Food–and Their Mode of Action: A Review

Spochacz

Chowański

Walkowiak-Nowicka

et al. 2018

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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“…We propose the use of a combination of B. thuringiensis toxins and carvacrol against lepidopteran pests, because they are considered responsible for the loss of significant amounts of plant crops (Culliney 2014). Bacterial proteins from the Cry1, Cry2, and Cry9 groups, which are produced by B. thuringiensis MPU B9 and MPU B54, as well as carvacrol, were found to be insecticidal substances with no negative effect on other animals than plant pests (Gao et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic interaction between carvacrol and Bacillus thuringiensis crystalline proteins against Cydia pomonella and Spodoptera exigua

et al. 2020

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The aim of our study was to determine the usefulness of mixtures of carvacrol and Bacillus thuringiensis crystalline proteins Cry against pests of two different species: Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The novelty of our work lies in showing the interactions between carvacrol and bacterial toxins against insect pests. Moreover, we have demonstrated that carvacrol applied via ingestion exerts toxicity against lepidopteran caterpillars. We have shown that the botanical compound and Cry proteins act in synergy and their mixtures are most effective in reducing the number of L1 and L3 larvae when B. thuringiensis toxins constitute up to 0.1% and 0.05% of the mixtures, respectively. Carvacrol and crystalline proteins act in synergy in these combinations and have the potential to be effective in protecting crops against lepidopteran pests. The nature of the interaction between the components depended on the proportion of their concentrations in the mixture. Mixtures containing Cry toxin concentrations equal or higher than 20% caused lower observed mortality of insects compared to the expected one. Furthermore, we showed that crystalline proteins of B. thuringiensis MPU B9, carvacrol and their mixture did not affect the morphology of insect haemocytes, and additionally, had no effect on the immune system.

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“…A significant constraint to crop production is the damage caused by insects, with arthropod pests causing global crop losses of 13–18%, with an estimated (in 2014) value loss of US$470 billion annually . This has provided strong motivation for the development of insect‐resistant crops, and transgenesis is a very effective way of producing them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved insect‐proofing: expressing double‐stranded RNA in chloroplasts

Bally¹,

Fishilevich²,

Bowling³

et al. 2018

Pest Management Science

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RNA interference (RNAi) was discovered almost 20 years ago and has been exploited worldwide to silence genes in plants and animals. A decade later, it was found that transforming plants with an RNAi construct targeting an insect gene could protect the plant against feeding by that insect. Production of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) in a plant to affect the viability of a herbivorous animal is termed trans‐kingdom RNAi (TK‐RNAi). Since this pioneering work, there have been many further examples of successful TK‐RNAi, but also reports of failed attempts and unrepeatable experiments. Recently, three laboratories have shown that producing dsRNA in a plant's chloroplast, rather than in its cellular cytoplasm, is a very effective way of delivering TK‐RNAi. Our review examines this potentially game‐changing approach and compares it with other transgenic insect‐proofing schemes. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Crop Losses to Arthropods

Cited by 133 publications

References 72 publications

Plant‐Derived Substances Used Against Beetles–Pests of Stored Crops and Food–and Their Mode of Action: A Review

Plant‐Derived Substances Used Against Beetles–Pests of Stored Crops and Food–and Their Mode of Action: A Review

Synergistic interaction between carvacrol and Bacillus thuringiensis crystalline proteins against Cydia pomonella and Spodoptera exigua

Improved insect‐proofing: expressing double‐stranded RNA in chloroplasts

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