Crop Rotation and Tillage Effects on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen

Havlin, J. L.; Kissel, D. E.; Maddux, L. D.; Claassen, Mark M.; Long, J. H.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400020026x

Cited by 542 publications

(275 citation statements)

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“…However, frequent summer fallow causes increased soil erosion (Monreal et al 1995), soil organic matter loss (Havlin et al 1990), nitrate and nutrient leaching (Campbell et al 1984). Discrepancies exist in studies comparing soil respiration from bare (fallow) to cropped soil.…”

Section: Canadian Journal Of Soil Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration in barley and fallow plots

Akinremi¹,

McGinn²,

McLean³

1999

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 1999. Effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration in barley and fallow plots. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 5-13. Agricultural systems are sources and sinks for carbon and to quantify the net effect of these systems on atmospheric CO 2 concentration, the amounts of carbon fixed in primary production and that respired by the soil must be known. The objectives of our study were (1) to quantify the amount of soil respiration from fallow and barley plots during the growing season; and (2) to determine the relationship between these fluxes and soil temperature and moisture. This study was conducted on field plots measuring 200 by 200 m with one plot planted to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) while the other plot was in fallow. Two automated chambers were permanently installed in the fallow plot and three in the barley plot at the start of the growing season. When CO 2 fluxes were integrated over a 24-h period, the daily soil respiration under fallow ranged from a low of 1.6 g CO 2 m -2 d -1 on a dry day to a high of 8.3 g CO 2 m -2 d -1 on a wet day. The corresponding values for barley were 3.3 and 18.5 g CO 2 m -2 d -1 in 1994. Similar values were obtained in 1996 and, on average, daily soil respiration under barley was twice of that under fallow. The integrated daily CO 2 flux under fallow was strongly related to daily soil moisture and mean soil temperature with moisture alone accounting for 76 to 80% of the variation in CO 2 flux. While good relationships were obtained between soil moisture and CO 2 flux under fallow, the relationship under barley was not as good. The CO 2 fluxes, measured eight times per day, displayed a diurnal pattern similar to that of soil temperature; however, there was no consistent quantitative relationship between these 3-hourly fluxes and temperature. A poor relationship was obtained when the fluxes during several days were related to soil temperature as soil moisture confounded flux-temperature relationship. Under the semi-arid conditions of southern Alberta, moisture is the main parameter controlling soil respiration during the growing season. , l'autre étant en jachère. Deux enceintes automatisées étaient installées à demeure au début de la saison de végétation dans la parcelle en jachère et trois dans la parcelle semée en orge. En 1994, lorsque les flux de CO 2 étaient intégrés sur une période de 24 h, la respiration du sol sous jachère allait d'un minimum de 1,6 g CO 2 m -2 j -1 par temps sec à un sommet de 8,3 g CO 2 m -2 j -1 par temps humide. Sous culture d'orge, les valeurs correspondantes étaient de 3,3 et de 18,5 g CO 2 m -2 j -1 en 1994. Des valeurs similaires étaient obtenues en 1996 et en moyenne la respiration journalière du sol sous orge était le double de celle mesurée sous jachère. Les flux de CO 2 quotidiens intégrés sous jachère étaient fortement reliés au régime hydrique et à la température moyenne diurnes du sol, le premier facteur comptant pour 76 à 80 % de la variation des flux. Si le rapport entre la teneur en eau du sol et les flux de CO 2 étaient satisf...

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Section: Canadian Journal Of Soil Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration in barley and fallow plots

Akinremi¹,

McGinn²,

McLean³

1999

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Numerous studies have investigated the impact of tillage (Belvins etal. 19'77; Bauer and Black l98l; Rasmussen and Rohde 1988;Staley et al 1988;Havlin et al 1990) and manuring (Sommerfeldt et al 1988;Ndayegamiye and C6t6 1989) Greb and Olsen (1967) reported that 38 yr of farmyard maure application increased Po in three calcareous soils.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tillage and fertilization on inorganic and organic soil phosphorus

O’Halloran¹

1993

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…O acúmulo de nutrientes na camada superficial do plantio direto em relação ao convencional já é amplamente conhecido na literatura, com trabalhos realizados comparando os sistemas em efeitos temporais e de profundidade no perfil do solo (ELTZ et al, 1989;HAVLIN et al, 1990;WOOD et al;1991;SALET, 1994). Este comportamento é devido à aplicação superficial de fertilizantes e corretivos e à não mobilização do solo, sendo os resultados assim discutidos em SILVA (1996).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Os trabalhos em fertilidade sob sistemas conservacionistas de preparo do solo, como o sistema plantio direto, sugerem um acúmulo na camada superficial, ao longo do tempo, de carbono orgânico, nitrogênio total e de nutrientes tais como fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio, em comparação ao sistema convencionalmente utilizado (preparo do solo com aração e gradagens) (HAVLIN et al, 1990;WOOD et al, 1991). Segundo ELTZ et al (1989), o acúmulo de carbono e nutrientes na camada superficial do solo sob sistema plantio direto está associado à deposição de resíduos de culturas em superfície e à aplicação de fertilizantes em uma pequena profundidade, sendo que sistemas de cultivo envolvendo preparos com mobilização intensa do solo proporcionam uma distribuição mais uniforme de nutrientes na camada arável.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified