Cropping patterns based on virtual water content considering water and food security under climate change conditions

Arefinia, Ali; Bozorg‐Haddad, Omid; Ahmadaali, Khaled; Zolghadr‐Asli, Babak; Loáiciga, Hugo A.

doi:10.1007/s11069-022-05443-3

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Countries with scarce water resources should strengthen the exploration of water resources management and application, strengthen the regional water supply capacity prediction, and estimate food production under climate change. The deepening of international trade will create opportunities for water cooperation and formulate rules for international water cooperation [40,41]. The VW content of food is not static and changes accordingly with climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structural Characteristics of the Virtual Water Trade Network of the China’s Major Crops

Liu

Long

2022

Water

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The original intention of virtual water trade (VWT) is to help water-scarce areas adjust the crop trade structure to alleviate the water shortage problem. However, China’s existing virtual water trade (VWT) must effectively alleviate the problem. This paper’s structural features and stability of the VWT network (VWTN) in China’s major crop trade between 2000 and 2017 were characterized using complex network theory. The results in terms of time scale showed that the total content of VW in China’s major crops increased by ~23.6% for 18 years. Trade relations among most regions remained stable, whereas a few areas changed: Jilin, Henan, and Heilongjiang played essential roles in the output network, and so did Guangdong, Shanghai, and Fujian in the input network. Attributed to policy adjustment, Henan and Jilin became more prominent in the output network with the gradual decline of Jiangsu’s position. Regarding spatial scale, the cumulative distribution of degrees consistent with the power–law relationship showed high variability and vulnerability of China’s VWTN, especially when nodes were weighted. Since areas with more VWT partners/content provided connectivity to those with fewer partners/content, it is worthwhile to focus on developing protection policies for critical areas. The virtual water trade from North China (water-poor) to South China (water-rich) is contrary to the distribution of water resources. A similar situation showed in a global world that the long-term supply relationship would aggravate the water resources shortage and food security. Furthermore, we suggest combining network theory and VWT to lay the foundation for the invulnerability research of VWTN and the optimal regulation of crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%