Cross-border outbreak of listeriosis caused by cold-smoked salmon, revealed by integrated surveillance and whole genome sequencing (WGS), Denmark and France, 2015 to 2017

Schjørring, Susanne; Lassen, Sofie Gillesberg; Jensen, Thomas Wiben; Moura, Alexandra; Kjeldgaard, Jette Sejer; Müller, Luise; Thielke, Stine; Leclercq, Alexandre; Maury, Mylène M.; Tourdjman, Mathieu; Donguy, Marie-Pierre; Lecuit, Marc; Ethelberg, Steen; Nielsen, Eva Møller

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.50.17-00762

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Globally, the prevalence rates in fish show great variability [3,25,44,[46][47][48][49]: The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in fish are presumably from contaminated waters or during manipulation and processing with contaminated environment and/or equipment [47,50]. The L. monocytogenes isolated from our frozen fish samples indicates that L. monocytogenes has the ability to endure freezing of food, thereby acting as a reservoir to participate in future human listerial outbreaks [9,25,[51][52][53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofilm-Producing Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Different Ecological Niches in Egypt: Food, Humans, Animals, and Environment

Osman

Kappell

Fox³

et al. 2019

Pathogens

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Serious outbreaks of foodborne disease have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes found in retail delicatessens and the severity of disease is significant, with high hospitalization and mortality rates. Little is understood about the formidable public health threat of L. monocytogenes in all four niches, humans, animals, food, and environment, in Egypt. This study analyzed the presence of L. monocytogenes collected from the four environmental niches and bioinformatics analysis was implemented to analyze and compare the data. PCR was used to detect virulence genes encoded by pathogenicity island (LIPI-1). prfA amino acid substation that causes constitutive expression of virulence was common in 77.7% of isolates. BLAST analysis did not match other isolates in the NCBI database, suggesting this may be a characteristic of the region associated with these isolates. A second group included the NH1 isolate originating in China, and BLAST analysis showed this prfA allele was shared with isolates from other global locations, such as Europe and North America. Identification of possible links and transmission pathways between the four niches helps to decrease the risk of disease in humans, to take more specific control measures in the context of disease prevention, to limit economic losses associated with food recalls, and highlights the need for treatment options.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofilm-Producing Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Different Ecological Niches in Egypt: Food, Humans, Animals, and Environment

Osman

Kappell

Fox³

et al. 2019

Pathogens

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“…Like other RTE foods, the smoked salmon industry has had problems with Listeria spp. contamination (Rotariu, Thomas, Goodburn, Hutchison, & Strachan, 2014), and has been linked to outbreaks of listeriosis (Gillesberg Lassen et al, 2016;Schjørring et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Immunomagnetic Separation and Real‐Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (IMS‐qRPA) for Specific Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Smoked Salmon Samples

Garrido‐Maestu

Azinheiro

Carvalho

et al. 2019

Journal of Food Science

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Nowadays, Listeria monocytogenes continues to be a major health issue. Therefore, improvements in the speed and reliability of its detection are still needed. In the present study, the combination of real‐time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (qRPA) with immunomagnetic separation (IMS) is described. The proposed methodology was tested against a real‐time PCR method, and was successfully applied to 50 smoked salmon samples spiked at levels ranging from 2 to 9.3 × 102 cfu/25 g. L. monocytogenes was detected after a 24 hr pre‐enrichment, which represents a great improvement over other previously published RPA methods. Additionally, the evaluation of the method reported a Limit of dDetection 50 (LoD50) of 6.3 cfu/25 g, along with relative sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values higher than 90%. Finally, the index of kappa concordance was calculated to be 0.93 which is interpreted as “almost complete concordance” between the reference and alternative method. Overall, the described methodology proved to be faster, specific, and as sensitive as other methods based on RPA or real‐time PCR. Practical Application The methodology described in this study significantly reduces the detection time of L. monocytogenes, when compared with culture‐based methods, and it requires fewer steps than other molecular methods, making it a reliable and more convenient method for routine testing. Finally, the evaluation of the methodology in spiked food samples, confirms its reliability.

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“…Competent public health and food safety authorities in affected EU countries should share information at the European level on epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations (including tracing information) and issue relevant notifications using the Early Warning and Response System (EWRS) 1 and Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) 2 .…”

Section: Options For Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2017, a subset of five human cases was investigated in Denmark and found to be associated with consumption of salmon products produced in Poland [1]. Four L. monocytogenes ST8 isolates closely related to the human outbreak strain were found in three batches of sliced cold smoked salmon sampled at a Danish wholesaler and at a retail store belonging to the same wholesaler.…”

Section: Ecdc and Efsa Threat Assessment For The Eu/eeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐country outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 8 infections linked to consumption of salmon products

2018

EFSA Supporting Publications

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A multi‐country outbreak of 12 listeriosis cases caused by Listeria monocytogenes sequence type (ST) 8 has been identified through whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis in three EU/EEA countries: Denmark (6 cases), Germany (5) and France (1). Four of these cases have died due to or with the disease. It is likely that the extent of this outbreak has been underestimated since the outbreak was identified through sequencing and only a subset of the EU/EEA countries routinely use this advanced technique to characterise L. monocytogenes isolates. The first case was sampled in October 2015 in Denmark and the most recent case was reported in May 2018 in Germany. In August 2017, Denmark identified the first cluster of cases, which was investigated and linked to the consumption of ready‐to‐eat cold‐smoked salmon produced in Poland. Control measures were implemented and the Member States and competent authorities were informed. In October 2017, France reported the identification of a matching L. monocytogenes strain in food isolates from marinated salmon originating from the same Polish processing company as identified in the Danish outbreak investigation. This supports the hypothesis that contamination may have occurred at the processing company in Poland. However, due to the lack of WGS data on the isolates found in the environmental and food samples taken at the Polish processing plant, it is not possible at present to confirm the contamination with the L. monocytogenes ST8 outbreak strain at the suspected Polish plant. Moreover, until detailed information on the Norwegian primary producers of the salmon used in the contaminated batches is reported and assessed, possible contamination at primary production level cannot be excluded either. Although control measures were implemented following the Danish outbreak investigation in September 2017, the identification of the same strain in a salmon product in France and a new human case in Germany suggest that the source of contamination is still active and contaminated products have been distributed to other EU countries than Denmark. Until the source of infection has been eliminated, new invasive listeriosis cases may still occur. Pregnant women, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of invasive listeriosis, which is associated with severe clinical course and potentially death.

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Cross-border outbreak of listeriosis caused by cold-smoked salmon, revealed by integrated surveillance and whole genome sequencing (WGS), Denmark and France, 2015 to 2017

Cited by 62 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofilm-Producing Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Different Ecological Niches in Egypt: Food, Humans, Animals, and Environment

Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofilm-Producing Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Different Ecological Niches in Egypt: Food, Humans, Animals, and Environment

Combination of Immunomagnetic Separation and Real‐Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (IMS‐qRPA) for Specific Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Smoked Salmon Samples

Multi‐country outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 8 infections linked to consumption of salmon products

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