Cross-classified multilevel models improved standard error estimates of covariates in clinical outcomes – a simulation study

Doedens, Paul; Riet, Gerben ter; Boyette, Lindy; Latour, Corine; Haan, Lieuwe de; Twisk, Jos W. R.

doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.01.005

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To examine how interannual climate variation and local environmental conditions influenced reproductive phenophase abundances, we employed hierarchical cross‐classified models (HCM), a generalized linear mixed model for nested data when lower‐level units are cross‐classified by two or more higher‐level units (Doedens et al., 2022; Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002). Using HLM 7 software (Scientific Software International, Inc.) and full maximum likelihood, HCM estimated the fixed effects of climate (precipitation, temperature) and environment (groundwater, etc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter dry season reproductive phenology in Bahamian dry forest and implications for conservation

Fleming,

Wunderle,

White

et al. 2024

Biotropica

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The reproductive phenology of plants has profound influence on ecosystem dynamics including plant–animal interactions. Broad phenological patterns, especially the timing of reproduction, may result from long‐term climate trends and co‐evolution between plants and their pollinators, dispersers, and predators. Yet, interannual climate variation and local abiotic conditions may also affect the timing and magnitude of plant reproduction. Understanding the patterns of and controls on plant reproduction are crucial for conservation efforts under a changing global climate and rapidly expanding human development. However, phenology studies from the Neotropics are sparse. Here, we examine the relative timing and magnitude of fleshy‐fruited plant reproduction during the winter dry season in subtropical dry forest on Eleuthera, The Bahamas over a nine‐year period. At least 47 species were observed with some dry season reproductive activity, but only 17% showed evidence of a fruiting peak or continuous reproduction. Overall fruit abundance generally declined through the dry season, but flower production increased between mid and late dry season. Variation in fruit and flower abundance among years was related to temperature and rainfall, but local site conditions—particularly successional stage and groundwater availability—explained more variability in reproductive activity than climate variation. Groundwater availability had a particularly strong positive influence on flower and fruit abundance at the end of the dry season, a critical time for migrant frugivores preparing to return to their breeding grounds. This emphasizes the importance of protecting sites with accessible groundwater to conserve biodiversity in the archipelago and elsewhere.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter dry season reproductive phenology in Bahamian dry forest and implications for conservation

Fleming,

Wunderle,

White

et al. 2024

Biotropica

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“…This random effect accounts for the assumption that if one player within the contact event experiences a high HAE, then another player may also experience a high HAE. Without accounting for these interdependencies within the multilevel data structure, model estimates, standard errors, and associated CIs may all be biased, and inaccurate statistical inferences may then result [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each model, player ID was nested within match ID and included as a random effect to account for repeated measurements within players and within matches. Contact event ID (i.e., the overall event identifier for each tackler, ball carrier, and player rucking in a single incident) was also included as a random effect to account for the multiple membership and cross-classification of all player contact events nested within different players, depending on the player combination involved in the contact event [23,24]. This random effect accounts for the assumption that if one player within the contact event experiences a high HAE, then another player may also experience a high HAE.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head Acceleration Events During Tackle, Ball‐Carry, and Ruck Events in Professional Southern Hemisphere Men's Rugby Union Matches: A Study Using Instrumented Mouthguards

Roe,

Sawczuk,

Owen

et al. 2024

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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ObjectivesDescribe head acceleration events (HAEs) experienced by professional male rugby union players during tackle, ball‐carry, and ruck events using instrumented mouthguards (iMGs).DesignProspective observational cohort.MethodsPlayers competing in the 2023 Currie Cup (141 players) and Super Rugby (66 players) seasons wore iMGs. The iMG‐recorded peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak angular acceleration (PAA) were used as in vivo HAE approximations and linked to contact‐event data captured using video analysis. Using the maximum PLA and PAA per contact event (HAEmax), ordinal mixed‐effects regression models estimated the probabilities of HAEmax magnitude ranges occurring, while accounting for the multilevel data structure.ResultsAs HAEmax magnitude increased the probability of occurrence decreased. The probability of a HAEmax ≥15g was 0.461 (0.435–0.488) (approximately 1 in every 2) and ≥45g was 0.031 (0.025–0.037) (1 in every 32) during ball carries. The probability of a HAEmax >15g was 0.381 (0.360–0.404) (1 in every 3) and >45g 0.019 (0.015–0.023) (1 in every 53) during tackles. The probability of higher magnitude HAEmax occurring was greatest during ball carries, followed by tackles, defensive rucks and attacking rucks, with some ruck types having similar profiles to tackles and ball carries. No clear differences between positions were observed.ConclusionHigher magnitude HAEmax were relatively infrequent in professional men's rugby union players. Contact events appear different, but no differences were found between positions. The occurrence of HAEmax was associated with roles players performed within contact events, not their actual playing position. Defending rucks may warrant greater consideration in injury prevention research.

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Investigating the Use of Robust Standard Errors to Account for Two-Way Clustering in Cross-Classified Data Structures

Zhang,

Huang

2024

Dependent Data in Social Sciences Research

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Cross-classified multilevel models improved standard error estimates of covariates in clinical outcomes – a simulation study

Abstract: Cross-classified multilevel models improved standard error estimates of covariates in clinical outcomes -a simulation study,

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Winter dry season reproductive phenology in Bahamian dry forest and implications for conservation

Winter dry season reproductive phenology in Bahamian dry forest and implications for conservation

Head Acceleration Events During Tackle, Ball‐Carry, and Ruck Events in Professional Southern Hemisphere Men's Rugby Union Matches: A Study Using Instrumented Mouthguards

Investigating the Use of Robust Standard Errors to Account for Two-Way Clustering in Cross-Classified Data Structures

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