Cross‐comparison of screening tests for fire spalling of concrete

Mohaine, Siyimane; Boström, Lars; Lion, Maxime; McNamee, Robert; Robert, Femi

doi:10.1002/fam.2946

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, several research groups investigated the spalling behaviour including size effects, whereas only three displayed publications considered all three specimen sizes (full scale members, intermediate scale slabs, small scale specimens) [14][15][16]. All these studies show more severe spalling due to an increase of the specimen size for the same concrete mixture.…”

Section: Size Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, the difference of specimen sizes and spalling volumes are too large to interpret and an intermediate scale specimen size is needed to improve the significance to the size effect [17,18]. The research of Mohaine et al [15] investigated the spalling behaviour of four different specimen sizes including passive restraints on the small scale specimens to create similar stress conditions compared to the center of a large concrete member. Small cylinders (Ø0.1 m; h = 0.22 m), two types of round specimens restrained by a steel ring with sizes of Ø0.3 m; h = 0.11 m and Ø0.61 m; h = 0.3 m as well as members that have a similar size to the full scale member of this paper (1.7 m 9 0.98 m 9 0.2 m) were tested.…”

Section: Size Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the water-cementratio, the porosity as well as the permeability, the presence of reinforcement, polypropylene fibres and the type of aggregate can influence the impact of the thermal induced damage [26]. Additionally, external factors, for instance external restraints [15] or loads [19], increase the spalling of a member compared to a concrete that can expand freely.…”

Section: Size Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire induced concrete spalling in combination with size effects

et al. 2022

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The size effect has its origin in fracture mechanics and describes the formation as well as propagation of cracks in brittle and solid materials in dependence of the specimen size. However, the size effect in concrete spalling describes the damage behaviour on a macroscopic scale for different sized specimens in case of fire. Concrete spalling is a very complex and yet not fully understood phenomenon. To reduce the effort of fire tests to analyse the spalling behaviour of concrete mixtures, this study investigates the susceptibility to spalling for six different concrete mixtures and three specimen sizes. The sizes were divided in full scale slabs (1.8 m × 1.2 m × 0.3 m), intermediate scale cuboids (0.6 m × 0.6 m × 0.3 m) and small scale cylinders (Ø0.15 m × 0.3 m). For this purpose, a novel test set-up was built to test six intermediate scale or twelve small scale specimens simultaneously to ensure a similar heating regime for every specimen. All specimens were fire exposed on one side and remained unrestrained. A size effect occurred for four of the six concrete mixtures. Compared to the full scale specimens the spalling was reduced significantly for all smaller specimen sizes. Additionally, spalling did not occur for the small scale specimens. The results show that the specimen size is an essential parameter to investigate the susceptibility to spalling of a concrete mixture. For future investigations the testing conditions must be adjusted for the intermediate scale specimens to recreate the conditions of the slabs.

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Section: Size Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Size Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Size Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire induced concrete spalling in combination with size effects

et al. 2022

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“…The basic aim of fire resistance is to keep fires from spreading and causing additional damage. Additionally, fire resistance tries to limit the duration and damage caused by the fire [32][33][34][35]. In modern high-rise buildings, reinforced concrete (RC) columns are a prevalent load-bearing structural system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire resistance evaluation through synthetic fire tests and generative adversarial networks

Çiftçioğlu,

Naser

2024

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

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This paper introduces a machine learning approach to address the challenge of limited data resulting from costly and time-consuming fire experiments by enlarging small fire test data sets and predicting the fire resistance of reinforced concrete columns. Our approach begins by creating deep learning models, namely generative adversarial networks and variational autoencoders, to learn the spatial distribution of real fire tests. We then use these models to generate synthetic tabular samples that closely resemble realistic fire resistance values for reinforced concrete columns. The generated data are employed to train state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, including Extreme Gradient Boost, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Categorical Boosting Algorithm, Support Vector Regression, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Multiple Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression, Support Vector Machine, Kernel Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, and K-Nearest Neighbors, which can predict the fire resistance of the columns through regression and classification. Machine learning analyses achieved highly accurate predictions of fire resistance values, outperforming traditional models that relied solely on limited experimental data. Our study highlights the potential for using machine learning and deep learning analyses to revolutionize the field of structural engineering by improving the accuracy and efficiency of fire resistance evaluations while reducing the reliance on costly and time-consuming experiments.

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“…An innovative material screening test method, with concrete molded in steel pipes to create a restraint during testing, is illustrated using a comparative study. 8 This seems to be a promising test setup, although it appears that the size of the specimen is critical. In the second article on fire spalling of concrete, it is shown that addition of even relatively small amounts of polypropylene fiber to the fresh concrete mix can reduce fire spalling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%