Cross-cultural adaptation and translation of the Constant Murley Score into Arabic

Abstract

Introduction: Shoulder pain is a major disorder of the musculoskeletal system. To the best of our knowledge, there is no documentation of an Arabic version of the shoulder disability and pain measurements. Constant Murley Score (CMS) is one of the standard questionnaires for clinical practice and research. The aim of this research centred around the evaluation of the Arabic Constant Murley Score and subsequently assessing the reliability and validity in comparison to disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH). Methods: Hundred and twenty five patients took part in this research. We did the internal consistency tests with Cronbach’s alpha. Intra-correlation coefficient, convergent validity, convergent construct validity, responsiveness, and floor and ceiling effects were also calculated. Results: Principal component analysis showed that the variance was 63.31% with a factor range of 0.42–0.85, which fulfils the uni-dimensionality criterion. Also, the Arabic CMS correlated negatively with the DASH score (−0.82, p < 0.001). The Arabic version of CMS was consistent with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.74. With Inter Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.83 it also showed a very good test-retest reliability. Conclusion: Ours is the first translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CMS into Arabic. Important evidences of validity were tested such as uni-dimensionality, convergent validity, and internal consistency. Results demonstrate an acceptable Cronbach’s alpha of 0.74, ICC = 0.830 indicating excellent reliability and a strong correlation of the Arabic CMS with the DASH score (r = −0.820). Overall, the Arabic version of CMS is a good and reliable diagnostic tool for patients experiencing shoulder pain.

Autograft diameter in ACL reconstruction: size does matter

“…The literature has reported that females suffer from ACL ruptures in females 2–4 times more than their male counterparts, however, our sample size only had 6 females in total so they were excluded from this study [ 4 , 19 ]. The authors theorize that this could be due to cultural reasons that generally discourage females from pursuing athletic careers [ 4 – 6 ].…”

“…This is why the quadrupled hamstring tendon option has become the mainstay practice in Kuwait for anterior ACLR [3,4]. The reason being for this trend in Kuwaiti orthopedic surgical practice is that the cultural behaviors and daily living practices would be exacerbated by the BPTB related anterior knee pain should it happen [5][6][7].…”

“…The authors of this study initially hypothesized that the Kuwaiti population generally produces smaller four-strand hamstring autografts thus accounting for the need for higher revision rates [ 6 ]. The objective of this study was to investigate the population’s general anatomical size of their intra-operative hamstring autograft and ascertain whether or not the size of the autograft influenced our ACL revision rates.…”

“…Our null hypothesis was that there would be no correlation between ACLR failure rate and diameter size. The current number of the Kuwaiti population was estimated to be around 5 million people, with the Kuwaitis accounting for 20% of that number [ 5 , 6 , 15 ]. This study was conducted in a tertiary center with the only ACLR facility in the country.…”