Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) for Spanish-speaking patients

Abstract

Our objective was to perform translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test 22 (SNOT-22) to Spanish language. SNOT-22 was translated, back translated, and a pretest trial was performed. The study included 119 individuals divided into 60 cases, who met diagnostic criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis 2012; and 59 controls, who reported no sino-nasal disease. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha test, reproducibility with Kappa coefficient, reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), validity with Mann-Whitney U test and responsiveness with Wilcoxon test. In cases, Cronbach's alpha was 0.91 both before and after treatment, as for controls, it was 0.90 at their first test assessment and 0.88 at 3 weeks. Kappa coefficient was calculated for each item, with an average score of 0.69. ICC was also performed for each item, with a score of 0.87 in the overall score and an average among all items of 0.71. Median score for cases was 47, and 2 for controls, finding the difference to be highly significant (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.001). Clinical changes were observed among treated patients, with a median score of 47 and 13.5 before and after treatment, respectively (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). The effect size resulted in 0.14 in treated patients whose status at 3 weeks was unvarying; 1.03 in those who were better and 1.89 for much better group. All controls were unvarying with an effect size of 0.05. The Spanish version of the SNOT-22 has the internal consistency, reliability, reproducibility, validity and responsiveness necessary to be a valid instrument to be used in clinical practice.

Twenty‐two–item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test in a control population: a cross‐sectional study and systematic review

“…Of these, 29 were selected based on title or abstract. After full‐text screening, 13 articles were selected for inclusion in the systematic review and 10 articles were pooled for meta‐analysis. One of the 10 articles was obtained by author correspondence and another was retrieved from the references of 1 of the fully screened texts .…”

Nasal Symptom Questionnaire: Our Proposed Scoring System and Prognostic Factors in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

“…The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.8131 ( n = 61). There was a strong significant correlation between test and retest ( n = 61, r s = 0.7706, p < 0.0001) [40, 41]. NSQ scores showed significant differences between groups of healthy volunteers (1 [0–16]) and patients (12 [3–25]) ( p < 0.0001).…”

“…The ROC-AUC was 0.9318, suggesting an excellent diagnostic ability [39]. The Cronbach α coefficient indicating internal consistency was of high reliability (0.8696) ( n = 61) [40, 41]. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.8131 ( n = 61).…”

“…The cutoff value was clinically considered to be reasonable at 4 points on the NSQ scale with a sensitivity of 0.9341 and a specificity of 0.7769. The Cronbach coefficient (α = 0.8696), indicating internal consistency, could be appropriately considered as high reliability [40, 41]. The test-retest showed a high reproducibility with a coefficient of 0.8131 and a strong significant correlation between test and retest.…”

Nasal surgery handled by CFD tools

“…The 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) is a widely applied patient‐reported outcome instrument used to assess the severity of symptoms associated with different nose conditions. It is a validated questionnaire of disease‐specific, quality‐of‐life related measures of sinonasal function (see Hopkins et al, Kordjian and Schousboe, and De los Santos et al for further details). Preoperative and postoperative scores were recorded from the patients (see below).…”