Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly among community-dwelling older adults in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

PurposeOlder adults are the fastest growing population group worldwide. Regular physical activity (PA) is reported to reduce the risk of health conditions and improve personal well-being. Few validated instruments can be used to measure the PA levels among older adults in Saudi Arabia. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is used worldwide for evaluating the PA levels of the elderly in epidemiological studies. However, this scale has not been translated into Arabic. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the PASE into Arabic language and evaluate its reliability and validity among community-dwelling older adults in Saudi Arabia.Patients and methodsThis study was a cross-sectional one following Beaton guidelines to translate and perform cultural adaptation, as well as test the reliability and validity of the PASE Arabic version (PASE-A). Elderly (N=74) people from both genders, who lived in a community dwelling in Riyadh city, were selected from several primary health care centers. The study used Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to assess the internal consistency reliability, while intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was used for test–retest reliability and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to evaluate the correlation among PASE-A and grip strength, Timed Up and Go test, body mass index, and fat percentage.ResultsOut of 74 older adults, 59 (79.7%) completed the PASE-A questionnaire twice. The internal consistency of the PASE-A components was good (Cronbach’s alpha 0.70–0.75), and the reliability of the components was excellent (ICC2,1 0.90–0.98). A higher PASE-A score was associated with higher grip strength (r=0.28, p=0.05) and with shorter Timed Up and Go test times (r=−0.45, p=0.01).ConclusionThe PASE-A version was easy, understandable, and relevant for Saudi older adults’ culture. This scale was a reliable and valid tool for evaluating and assessing the PA level among community-dwelling older adults in Saudi Arabia.

Cultural adaptation and psychometric adequacy of the Persian version of the physical activity scale for the elderly (P-PASE)

“…On the other hand, similar to the study by AYAT [1], the score of leisure time is higher than that obtained in other studies [18, 26]. The findings of this study showed that, walking accounted for 82.26% of leisure time activities and like Turkey, in Iran, [1] walking is an option of activity during leisure time.…”

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Polish version of the physical activity scale for older people living in a community: a cross-sectional study

“…It is worth mentioning that lower levels of physical activity were correlated with lower levels of PA. Similar results were obtained by Alqarni et al [ 39 ]. Furthermore, a strong correlation with the 10MWT was also shown, which was consistent with the results from Iranian validation [ 41 ].…”

“…This result is slightly higher than that in the Netherlands, which was 84.90 (SD 36.35) [ 38 ]. Higher levels of physical activity were demonstrated in the US elderly population 102.9 (SD 61.1) [ 9 ], China 104.4 (SD 47.1) [ 12 ], Saudi Arabia 111.7 (SD 77.7) [ 39 ], Germany 126.8 (SD 50.5) [ 16 ] and Italy 159 (SD 77.8) [ 15 ]. It is worth mentioning that the sedentary lifestyle dominant among older people in Poland may affect the deterioration of their health, the incidence of disability and loneliness [ 40 ].…”

Identification and Evaluation of Self‐Report Physical Activity Instruments in Adults With Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

“…Both instruments demonstrated a moderate correlation with DLW, and in another study the PASE also demonstrated a nonsignificant correlation with DLW . The AAS was evaluated for construct validity in 5 studies, and correlation coefficients with accelerometers ranged from 0.39 to 0.61, demonstrating moderate correlations . The modified Baecke instrument demonstrated a nonsignificant correlation with heart rate monitoring .…”

“…The 2 studies that evaluated criterion validity were evaluated as being of poor quality due to their sample size . Of the studies evaluating construct validity, 7 were evaluated as poor quality due to sample size ; 3 were evaluated as fair quality (although the sample size was deemed appropriate, these studies used pedometers or heart monitors rather than accelerometers) ; 12 studies were evaluated as good quality, with sample sizes >50 but <100 ; and 10 studies were evaluated as excellent quality, with sample sizes >100 . Only 1 of the studies in this review used hypothesis testing to evaluate construct validity .…”