Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the PIDAQ questionnaire in Chilean adolescents with oral malocclusion

Abstract

Objective: Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) is a useful index to assess aspects of oral malocclusion that impact individuals' oral health-related quality of life. This study aimed to validate the cross-cultural adaptation and equivalence of the PIDAQ questionnaire to the language of the Chilean adolescent population. Methods: We used the framework of the Guidelines for the Transcultural Adaptation Process of self-reports and the Manuals for a language inclusive for the transcultural adaptation of the PIDAQ. The instrument was tested on 32 Chilean adolescents with oral malocclusion between 11 and 17 years of age. We evaluated equivalence considering criterion, content, and construct validity according to COSMIN methodology and validated by Cronbach's alpha statistical test. A total of 23 items in the questionnaire were tested according to how clear and understandable the questions were to the reader and according to a Likert scale graduated in: not at all clear, unclear, unclear, clear, or very clear. For temporal stability, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: We obtained an acceptable reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.951 for the total questionnaire. The questions grouped according to the dimensions of dental self-confidence, social impact, psychological impact, and esthetic concern obtained a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.955, 0.947, 0.946 and 0.939, respectively. The questionnaire showed high temporal stability at the test-retest with a total ICC of 0.907 (0.885-0.913). Conclusion: The cross-cultural adaptation of the PIDAQ questionnaire achieved equivalence with the original instrument and obtained reliable criterion, content, and construct validity in Chilean adolescents.