Cross-cultural adaptation of PIDAQ questionnaire to evaluate the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics in Chilean adolescents with malocclusion

Abstract

Background: Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) is a useful index to assess aspects of malocclusion that impact individuals' oral health-related quality of life. This study aimed to perform cross-cultural adaptation of the PIDAQ questionnaire to the language of the Chilean adolescent population. Methods: We used the framework of the Guidelines for the Transcultural Adaptation Process of self-reports and the Manuals for a language inclusive for the transcultural adaptation of the PIDAQ. The instrument was tested on 34 Chilean adolescents with malocclusion between 11 and 17 years of age. We evaluated equivalence considering criterion, content, and construct validity according to COSMIN methodology and performed Cronbach's alpha statistical test. A total of 23 items in the questionnaire were tested according to how clear and understandable the questions were to the reader and according to a Likert scale graduated in: not at all clear, unclear, clear, or very clear. For temporal stability, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: We obtained a more than acceptable reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.951 for the total questionnaire. The questions grouped according to the dimensions of dental self-confidence, social impact, psychological impact, and esthetic concern obtained a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.955, 0.947, 0.946 and 0.939, respectively. The questionnaire showed high temporal stability at the test-retest with a total ICC of 0.907 (0.885-0.913). Conclusion: The cross-cultural adaptation of the PIDAQ questionnaire achieved equivalence with the original instrument and obtained reliable criterion, content, and construct validity in Chilean adolescents.