IntroductionBladder bowel dysfunction (BBD) is common clinical problem in pediatric urology patients. If a specialist takes a medical history meticulously during ambulatory visits by these patients, it can be detected just about 40% (1).These patients present with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of storage and/or emptying. When this disorder is associated with abnormal bowel patterns such as constipation and encopresis, the term bladder bowel dysfunction (BBD) is used. BBD can lead to development of urinary tract infection (UTI), incontinence, unfavorable outcome on vesicourethral reflux (VUR), and upper or lower urinary tract damage in children. Regarding the sex distribution of this problem, a female to male ratio as high as 5:1 for BBD is reported in the literature (2). However, the epidemiological data about this problem can vary, depending on the definition of BBD.Diagnostic procedures should include taking a medical history, physical examination, voiding and bowel diary, urinalysis, urine culture, urinary ultrasonography, and complementary investigations. In contrast, there is no consensus about reliable and valid methods for evaluation of this problem. There are a few published questionnaires that quantify BBD. Additionally, the International Continence Society (ICS) recommends the use of the Rome III criteria for constipation in children. Extensively, the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) is used for definition of constipation. Recently, new diagnostic methods were developed for the diagnosis and follow up of dysfunctional micturition symptoms. One of them is named the Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire (BBDQ).In this context, we aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the BBDQ in pediatric urology patients.
Patients and methods
Study designBetween October 2013 and April 2014, a total of 193 consecutive male (n = 94) and female (n = 99) children were enrolled in this study. While 103 patients with various Background/aim: We developed a Turkish version of the Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire (BBDQ) and evaluated its psychometric properties among Turkish pediatric patients.
Materials and methods:The BBDQ was translated into Turkish and then it was back-translated into English. A total of 193 patients were asked to complete the Turkish version of the BBDQ as well as the Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System (DVISS). In addition, 39 children completed the same questionnaires twice at 2-week intervals for test-retest evaluation.Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the BBDQ was 0.727. Reliability of the test/retest was 0.759 (P < 0.001). Area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic plot was 0.765. There were statistically significant differences in BBDQ scores between the controls and patients (P < 0.001). Analysis demonstrated moderate convergent validity against the DVISS (r: 0.78, r 2 : 0.601, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion:The Turkish version of the BBDQ is a reliable and valid instrument for Turkish pediatric patients with b...