Cross-cultural studies of personality traits and their relevance to psychiatry

Terracciano, Antonio; McCrae, Robert R.

doi:10.1017/s1121189x00004425

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Scores followed a normal distribution and were standardized using combined gender American norms (Costa and McCrae 1992). The NEO-PI-R has a robust factor structure that has been replicated in Italy (Terracciano 2003) and in more than 50 cultures (McCrae et al, 2005; Terracciano and McCrae 2006). Stability coefficients for the five factors are in the range of 0.80 over intervals of 10 years (Terracciano et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variants of the serotonin transporter gene and NEO‐PI‐R Neuroticism: No association in the BLSA and SardiNIA samples

Terracciano

Balaci

Thayer

et al. 2009

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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The polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR) is by far the most studied variant hypothesized to influence Neuroticism-related personality traits. The results of previous studies have been mixed and appear moderated by the personality questionnaire used. Studies that used the TCI to assess Harm Avoidance or the EPQ to assess Neuroticism have found no association with the 5-HTTLPR. However, studies that used the NEO-PI-R or related instruments (NEO-PI, NEO-FFI) to measure Neuroticism have found some evidence of association. This study examines the association of variants in the serotonin transporter gene in a sample from a genetically isolated population within Sardinia (Italy) that is several times larger than previous samples that used the NEO-PI-R (N=3,913). The association was also tested in a sample (N=548) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), in which repeated NEO-PI-R assessments were obtained. In the SardiNIA sample, we found no significant association of the 5-HTTLPR genotypes with Neuroticism or its facets (Anxiety, Angry-Hostility, Depression, Self-Consciousness, Impulsiveness, and Vulnerability). In the BLSA sample, we found lower scores on Neuroticism traits for the heterozygous group, which is inconsistent with previous studies. We also examined 8 SNPs in the SardiNIA (N=3,972) and 9 SNPs in the BLSA (N=1,182) that map within or near the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), and found no association. Along with other large studies that used different phenotypic measures and found no association, this study substantially increases the evidence against a link between 5-HTT variants and Neuroticism-related traits.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variants of the serotonin transporter gene and NEO‐PI‐R Neuroticism: No association in the BLSA and SardiNIA samples

Terracciano

Balaci

Thayer

et al. 2009

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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“…In part, this association is thought to be based on the impact of personality on health risk behaviors, such as those contributing to obesity, sexually transmitted disease, or cigarette smoking (1, 5–8), which are leading causes of disability and death (9, 10). In addition, personality traits are related to psychopathology (11–13), coping mechanisms (14), adherence to medical treatment (15, 16), well-being (17), as well as interpersonal relations and social integration (18), which in turn are all related to health outcomes (19, 20). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Predictors of Longevity: Activity, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness

Terracciano

Löckenhoff

Zonderman

et al. 2008

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Objective-To examine the association between personality traits and longevity.Methods-Using the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey, personality traits were assessed in 2359 participants (38% women; age: 17 to 98 years, M = 50) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), starting in 1958. Over the duration of the study, 943 (40%) participants died, on average 18 years after their personality assessment. The association of each trait with longevity was examined by Cox regression controlling for demographic variables.Results-In preliminary analyses among the deceased, those who scored one SD above the mean on General Activity (a facet of Extraversion), Emotional Stability (low Neuroticism), or Conscientiousness lived on average two to three years longer than those scoring one SD below the mean. Survival analyses on the full sample confirmed the association of General Activity, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness with lower risk of death, such that every one SD increase was related to about 13%, 15%, and 27% risk reduction, respectively. The association of personality traits with longevity was largely independent from the influence of smoking and obesity. Personality predictors of longevity did not differ by sex, except for Ascendance (a facet of Extraversion). Emotional Stability was a significant predictor when the analyses were limited to deaths due to cardiovascular disease, with comparable effect sizes for General Activity and Conscientiousness.Conclusions-In a large sample of generally healthy individuals followed for almost five decades, longevity was associated with being conscientious, emotionally stable, and active.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that the Five Factor Model of Dimensional Analysis (FFM) has a strong correlation with DSM-IV findings, has a more descriptive and accurate approach for comorbid illnesses found with BPD, and has a large level of cross-cultural reproducibility (Lynam & Widiger, 2001). Terracciano and McCrae (2006) reviewed cross-cultural research on personality traits at both individual and culture levels. They found that the average personality profiles from 51…”

Section: Reviewed Black and Hispanicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-cultural bias in the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder

Jani¹,

Johnson²,

Banu³

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic

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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is an internationally recognized disorder, although it is slightly varied in its nosology in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), and the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD). While it is recognized by genetic and neurobiological patterns, instability of affect, impaired interpersonal relationships, and unstable sense of self, its manifestation is extremely varied based on environmental factors, particularly culture. Several studies of the manifestation of BPD between and across countries, particularly in immigrant populations, identify variations in symptom prevalence based on culture. These findings reveal a need for more unified dimensional-based categorization of BPD to reduce cross-cultural bias and improve identification.

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Cross-cultural studies of personality traits and their relevance to psychiatry

Cited by 46 publications

References 73 publications

Variants of the serotonin transporter gene and NEO‐PI‐R Neuroticism: No association in the BLSA and SardiNIA samples

Variants of the serotonin transporter gene and NEO‐PI‐R Neuroticism: No association in the BLSA and SardiNIA samples

Personality Predictors of Longevity: Activity, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness

Cross-cultural bias in the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder

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