Cross-Cultural Study of Conviction Subtype Taijin Kyofu

Kinoshita, Yoshihiro; Chen, Junwen; Rapee, Ronald M.; Bögels, Susan M.; Schneier, Franklin R.; Choy, Yujuan; Kwon, Jung Hye; Liu, Xinghua; Schramm, Elisabeth; Chavira, Denise A.; Nakano, Yumi; Watanabe, Norio; Ietzugu, Tetsuji; Ogawa, Sei; Emmelkamp, P.M.G.; Zhang, Jianxue; Kingdon, David; Nagata, Toshihiko; Furukawa, Toshi A

doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31816a4952

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The current WHO-CIDI 3.0 does not specifically assess the TSK, but diagnoses and symptoms of TKS and social anxiety disorder often overlaps [Kinoshita et al, 2008; Kleinknecht et al, 1997]. This possibility should also be addressed in future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime comorbidities between phobic disorders and major depression in Japan: results from the World Mental Health Japan 2002–2004 Survey

Tsuchiya

Kawakami²,

Ono

et al. 2009

Depress. Anxiety

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Background Although often considered of minor significance in themselves, evidence exists that early-onset phobic disorders might be predictors of later more serious disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of phobic disorders with the onset of MDD in the community in Japan. Methods Data from the World Mental Health Japan 2002-2004 Survey were analyzed. A total of 2,436 community residents aged 20 and older were interviewed using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 (response rate, 58.4%). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to predict the onset of MDD as a function of prior history of DSM-IV specific phobia, agoraphobia, or social phobia, adjusting for gender, birth cohort, other anxiety disorders, education, and marital status at survey. Results Social phobia was strongly associated with the subsequent onset of MDD (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.1 [95%CI: 2.0-8.7]) after adjusting for sex, birth cohort, and the number of other anxiety disorders. The association between agoraphobia or specific phobia and MDD was not statistically significant after adjusting for these variables. Conclusions Social phobia is a powerful predictor of the subsequent first onset of MDD in Japan. While this finding argues against a simple neurobiological model and in favor of a model in which the cultural meanings of phobia play a part in promoting MDD, an elucidation of causal pathways will require more fine-grained comparative research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime comorbidities between phobic disorders and major depression in Japan: results from the World Mental Health Japan 2002–2004 Survey

Tsuchiya

Kawakami²,

Ono

et al. 2009

Depress. Anxiety

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“…The difficulty in distinguishing SA from psychosis in some cases reveals the fragility of diagnostic constructs and the current psychopathological models. Of the third case's particular situation, some authors [ 9 ] have observed this presentation as an "offensive SAD subtype", which also includes patients with (delusional) conviction of offensiveness. Such concepts are the product of a syndrome recognized in Japan since 1930 as "Taijin-Kyofu" (TK) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its "conviction subtype" is characterized by a strong belief and fear that others are disturbed by the individual's inadequacy. This inadequacy could occur in several ways due to the emission of body odors, facial expressions, intestinal noises, and so forth [ 9 ]. Among Western psychiatrists guided by the DSM-IV, such a condition can only be diagnosed as a DD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotic symptoms in social anxiety disorder patients: report of three cases

Veras¹,

do-Nascimento²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2011

Int Arch Med

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BackgroundSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is mainly characterized by an individual's intense concern about other people's opinion of the individual. Notably, among those with severe anxious symptoms, we can often observe self-referential feelings.ObjectiveFaced with little research directed toward the exploration of psychotic symptoms in SAD patients, we will approach the topic by describing three cases.DiscussionThree explanations seem possible for the psychotic manifestations in SAD. The first one depends on the individual's ability or inability to challenge the impression of being criticized by people. A second possibility would be the stressor and perpetuating role of SAD, which would make individuals more likely to present with more severe mental disorders such as delusional disorder (DD). The third explanation would be the possibility that SA is caused by a primary thought abnormality (psychotic self-reference) in some cases, instead of an affective disturbance (anxious insecurity), which led to intense concern about others' opinions. We also observed that antipsychotics did not produce significant improvement in any of the three cases. This result may be related to dopaminergic circuits and the D2 receptor hypoactivity.ConclusionThe differentiation between delusion and anxious concern may be inaccurate and may change throughout the disorder's evolution. New diagnostic subcategories or the enlargement of the social anxiety diagnostic is proposed to overcome the current diagnostic imprecision. There seems to be a symptomatic spectrum between SAD and DDs.

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“…In their efforts to clarify the difference between SAD and TKS, Kinoshita et al ( 2008 ) proposed a conceptual model that divides SAD into subtypes. According this model, SAD is first divided based on whether or not offensive symptoms are present.…”

Section: Nature Of Egorrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding egorrhea from cultural-clinical psychology

Sasaki¹,

Wada²,

Tanno³

2013

Front. Psychol.

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Based on his observations in Japanese clinical settings, Fujinawa (1972) conceptualized egorrhea syndrome, which includes symptoms such as erythrophobia, fear of eye-to-eye confrontation, olfactory reference syndrome, delusions of soliloquy, delusions of sleep talking, and thought broadcasting. The key feature of this syndrome is self-leakage, a perceived sense that one's personal internal information, such as feelings and thoughts, are leaking out. To reach a more comprehensive understanding of egorrhea, this paper aims to present general overview and reconsider the phenomenon of self-leakage using cultural-clinical psychology as a framework. First, the symptoms of egorrhea are reviewed in relation to other related psychopathologies such as social anxiety disorder (SAD) and taijin kyofusho (TKS), as well as schizophrenia. Second, a series of empirical studies conducted using Japanese non-clinical samples are summarized. The results of these studies form the basis for subsequent discussions, which incorporates the cultural-clinical psychology perspective proposed by Ryder et al. (2011). This paper ends with a general discussion regarding implications for research and clinical practice.

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Cross-Cultural Study of Conviction Subtype Taijin Kyofu

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Lifetime comorbidities between phobic disorders and major depression in Japan: results from the World Mental Health Japan 2002–2004 Survey

Lifetime comorbidities between phobic disorders and major depression in Japan: results from the World Mental Health Japan 2002–2004 Survey

Psychotic symptoms in social anxiety disorder patients: report of three cases

Understanding egorrhea from cultural-clinical psychology

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