Cross-Cultural Validation of a Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale in Korean American Men

Abstract

The main purpose of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale with Korean men in the US. The scale was modified to reflect the Korean cultural practice of smoking behavior and was cross-culturally validated with a panel of 10 professionals. An 11-item Korean version of the scale was administered twice over a one-month period. Data were analyzed for internal consistency reliability, stability, and construct validity. After the deletion of one item, an exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors, which explained 62% of the variance. Internal consistency was satisfactory for the total scale (.89), Factor I (.88), and Factor II (.80) but intraclass correlation coefficient for the total scale (.57) was low. Nicotine dependence and nicotine withdrawal showed modest but statistically significant correlations with the scale.

Acculturation, Depression, and Smoking Cessation: a trajectory pattern recognition approach

“…Given that family and peers could have different norms toward quitting smoking, family and peer norms were assessed separately. For perceived behavioral control, we used the Self-Efficacy Scale that assessed the level of confidence in refusing smoking temptations at 10 high-risk situations (e.g., When I feel tense or anxious; and When I wake up in the morning ) [50]. They were administered at baseline and at each of the four follow-up assessments (one time during the interventions and three times after the interventions).…”

A Culturally Adapted Smoking Cessation Intervention for Korean Americans: A Mediating Effect of Perceived Family Norm Toward Quitting

“…The measure consists of two question-items (a normative belief and the level of motivation to comply with the belief) and assesses perceived norms of each referent group such as family and peers. Self-efficacy was assessed using a Korean version of the Situational Temptation Scale that was adapted in Koreans’ smoking cultural context [47]. …”

“…More detailed descriptions of these measures and their psychometric functions have been reported elsewhere [35, 47-49]. …”

Comparison of characteristics among Korean American male smokers between survey and cessation studies

“…All scale measures but one (a measure of attitudes toward smoking) had been used in previous studies with Korean Americans, and processes undertaken for the cross-cultural validation have been reported in detail elsewhere [20,[25][26][27]. Attitudes towards quitting were assessed using the Perceived Risks and Benefits Questionnaire [28].…”

“…Instead of perceived behavior control, self-efficacy was assessed using the scale that was developed by Velicer and others [34] and later modified by Kim and colleagues [27] to reflect Korean-specific smoking-prone situations. Participants were asked to rate their confi-dence in resisting smoking temptation in 10 high-risk situations such as "When I feel tense or anxious," and "When I wake up in the morning."…”