Cross‐cultural validation of the Cardiac Depression Scale in Iran

Gholizadeh, Leila; Salamonson, Yenna; Davidson, Patricia M.; Parvan, Kobra; Frost, Steven A.; Chang, Sungwon; Hare, David

doi:10.1348/014466509x478709

Cited by 13 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Similar findings have been reported when comparing the CDS with the BDI (Birks et al, 2004;Di Benedetto et al, 2006;Gholizadeh et al, 2010;Hare and Davis, 1996). This can be explained by the fact that the CDS was originally developed to assess "adjustment disorder with depressed mood" rather than major depressive disorder (Hare and Davis, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…These results have been replicated in other English-speaking samples (Birks et al, 2004;Kiropoulos et al, 2012;Ski et al, 2012;Wise et al, 2006). The CDS has been translated and validated in German (Hare et al, 2000), Chinese (Wang et al, 2008), and Iranian (Gholizadeh et al, 2010) patients with heart disease. There is no Arabic version of the CDS; therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an Arabic translation of the CDS and validate it in Arab patients with heart disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Since then three exploratory factor analyses have been performed in the English scale (Birks et al, 2004;Kiropoulos et al, 2012;Wise et al, 2006), one in a German version (Hare et al, 2000), one in a Chinese version (Wang et al, 2008), and one in an Iranian version (Gholizadeh et al, 2010). The resulted factorial models differed: One-factor (Birks et al, Page 12 of 20 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Arabic version of the Cardiac Depression Scale 12 2004), two-factor (Gholizadeh et al, 2010), six-factor (Kiropoulos et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2008;Wise et al, 2006), and seven-factor (Hare et al, 2000) models were reported. The differences in the models, including our model, can be attributed to methodological differences between studies, including sample size, sample language and culture, heart disease diagnosis, and method of analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parallel analysis, on the other hand, is considered one of the best methods for this task (Hayton et al, 2004;Peres-Neto et al, 2005;Zwick and Velicer, 1986). Last, different methods were used to extract data, including maximum likelihood analysis (Hare et al, 2000), principal components analysis (Kiropoulos et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2008;Wise et al, 2006) and principal axis factoring (Birks et al, 2004;Gholizadeh et al, 2010). It should be noted that for ordinal data the recommended method for data extraction is ordinary least squares factor analysis (Gaskin and Happell, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Translation and validation of the Cardiac Depression Scale to Arabic

Papasavvas

Al-Amin

Ghabrash

et al. 2016

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

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Background: The Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) has been designed to measure depressive symptoms in patients with heart disease. There is no Arabic version of the CDS. We translated and validated the CDS in an Arabic sample of patients with heart disease. Methods: Forward and back translation of the CDS was followed by assessment of cultural relevance and content validity. The Arabic version of the CDS (A-CDS) and the Arabic version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (A-HADS) were then administered to 260 Arab in-patients with heart disease from 18 Arabic countries. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis with polychoric correlations. Internal consistency was assessed using ordinal reliability alpha and item-to-factor polychoric correlations. Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient between the A-CDS and the depression subscale of the A-HADS (A-HADS-D).Results: Cultural relevance and content validity of the A-CDS were satisfactory. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three robust factors, without cross-loadings, that formed a single dimension. Internal consistency was high (ordinal reliability alpha for the total scale and the three factors were .94, .91, .86, and .87, respectively; item-to-factor correlations ranged from .77 to .91). Concurrent validity was high (r = .72). The A-CDS demonstrated a closer to normal distribution of scores than the A-HADS-D. Limitations: Sensitivity and specificity of the A-CDS were not objectively assessed. Conclusions: The A-CDS appears to be a valid and reliable instrument to measure depressive symptoms in a representative sample of Arab in-patients with heart disease.Keywords: Arabic; Cardiac Depression Scale; cultural relevance; depression; heart disease; scale validation Highlights• We translated and validated the Cardiac Depression Scale to Arabic.• Cultural relevance and content validity were satisfactory.• A stable, parsimonious, and meaningful three-factor model was created.• Internal consistency and concurrent validity were high.• The translated scale appears to be a valid and reliable instrument.

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