Cross-cultural validation of the Mood Questionnaire in three Spanish-speaking countries Argentina, Ecuador, and Spain

Górriz, Ana Belén; Etchezahar, Edgardo; Pinilla-Rodríguez, Diego E.; Giménez-Espert, María del Carmen; Prado-Gascó, Vicente

doi:10.1080/00224545.2020.1791029

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This suggests that for Ecuadorians, compassion contains the validation of negative feelings while also expressing positivity. This is in line with past research suggesting both a valuation of positivity (e.g., Senft et al, 2021) but also an acceptance of negative emotions in Ecuador (e.g., Górriz, Etchezahar, Pinilla-Rodríguez, Giménez-Espert, & Prado-Gascó, 2021). Our work suggests that research on compassion conducted in the United States with U.S. American participants and by U.S. American researchers with their culture-specific mental representation of a compassionate face might not generalize to other cultural contexts, in which compassion is conceptualized differently such as in Ecuador, China, or Germany (Koopmann-Holm et al, 2021; Seow et al, 2024).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Cultural Differences In Conceptualizations Of a Compassionat...supporting

confidence: 90%

“…In line with the idea that Ecuadorians might not want to avoid but rather accept feeling negative emotions, when asked to report their mood over the course of the previous month, Ecuadorians report feeling more fear and sadness than people in Spain, an individualistic cultural context (Górriz, Etchezahar, Pinilla-Rodríguez, Giménez-Espert, & Prado-Gascó, 2021). Because decontextualized retrospective reports of emotion over a long period might reflect generalized beliefs about emotion rather than actual affect (e.g., Robinson & Clore, 2002), this could suggest that Ecuadorians are not afraid or ashamed to report that they feel negative.…”

Section: Is Compassion Universal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This contrasts with more positive conceptualizations of compassion in U.S. American cultural contexts (Condon & Feldman Barrett, 2013; Shaver et al, 1987). Thus, while people from Spain report negative emotions when experiencing compassion, Ecuadorians seem to report even more negative emotions than people from Spain (Górriz, Etchezahar, Pinilla-Rodríguez, Giménez-Espert, & Prado-Gascó, 2021). Therefore, it is possible that Ecuadorians want to avoid feeling negative not only less than people from Spain, but also less than U.S. Americans.…”

Section: Is Compassion Universal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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People in Ecuador and the United States conceptualize compassion differently: The role of avoided negative affect.

Larco,

Romo,

Garcés

et al. 2024

Emotion

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Even people from frequently studied cultural contexts differ in how they conceptualize compassion, partly because of differences in how much they want to avoid feeling negative. To broaden this past work, we include participants from an understudied cultural context and start to examine the process through which culture shapes compassion. Based on ethnographic and empirical studies that include Ecuadorians, we predicted that Ecuadorians would want to avoid feeling negative less compared to U.S. Americans. Furthermore, we hypothesized that because of these differences in avoided negative affect, compared to U.S. Americans, for Ecuadorians, a compassionate response would contain more emotion sharing, which in turn would be associated with conceptualizing a compassionate face as one that mirrors sadness more and expresses happiness (e.g., a kind smile) less. Using a reverse correlation task, participants in the United States and Ecuador selected the stimuli that most resembled a compassionate face. They also reported how much they wanted to avoid feeling negative and described what a compassionate response would entail. As predicted, compared to U.S. Americans, Ecuadorians wanted to avoid feeling negative less, they conceptualized a compassionate response as one that focused more on emotion sharing, and visualized a compassionate face as one that contained more sadness and less happiness. Furthermore, exploratory analyses suggest that wanting to avoid feeling negative and conceptualizations of a compassionate response as emotion sharing partly sequentially explained the cultural differences in conceptualizations of a compassionate face. What people regard as compassionate differs across cultures, which has important implications for cross-cultural counseling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Cultural Differences In Conceptualizations Of a Compassionat...supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Is Compassion Universal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is Compassion Universal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

People in Ecuador and the United States conceptualize compassion differently: The role of avoided negative affect.

Larco,

Romo,

Garcés

et al. 2024

Emotion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We decided to reject invariance if ΔCFI ≥ −0.01 and ΔRMSEA ≥ −0.015 (Chen, 2007). Comparison data were obtained from Ecuadorian adults (for details, see Górriz et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-23) in the Cuban Context

Fernández-Castillo,

Körner,

Díaz Guerra

et al. 2023

Psychological Test Adaptation and Development

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Emotional intelligence (EI) is important for mental health and successful human interaction. We aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale in the Cuban population. In Study 1 ( N = 625), the scale had high internal consistency and the expected three-factor structure. We had to remove one item, as it was negatively correlated with the rest of the items on the scale—resulting in the Cuban TMMS-23. In Study 2 (total N = 240), we tested the scale’s nomological validity: We found that EI had medium-sized positive correlations with extraversion and emotional stability. Negative associations were found between EI and negative affective states. Furthermore, EI was positively correlated with resilience, well-being, optimism, and protective factors for mental health. Thus, the TMMS-23 can be recommended for use in the Cuban context.

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What is a compassionate face? Avoided negative affect explains differences between U.S. Americans and Chinese

Seow,

Du,

Koopmann-Holm

2024

Cognition and Emotion

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Cross-cultural validation of the Mood Questionnaire in three Spanish-speaking countries Argentina, Ecuador, and Spain

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

People in Ecuador and the United States conceptualize compassion differently: The role of avoided negative affect.

People in Ecuador and the United States conceptualize compassion differently: The role of avoided negative affect.

Psychometric Properties of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-23) in the Cuban Context

What is a compassionate face? Avoided negative affect explains differences between U.S. Americans and Chinese

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