Cross-cultural Validation of the Nostalgia Scale for Sport Tourism (NSST): A Multilevel Approach

Abstract

This study evaluated the cross-cultural generalizability of the Nostalgia Scale for Sport Tourism (NSST), which was originally developed and examined in the context of football tourists in the United States. Data were collected from baseball tourists in South Korea, and multilevel confirmatory factor analysis and multilevel structural equation modelling were used for data analysis. Results supported the reliability and the validity of the scale both at individual and group levels, revealing an identical five-factor structure across the 29-item scale. Additionally, this study found a significant effect of sport nostalgia on revisit intention both at individual and group levels. The findings indicate that the NSST is applicable in understanding sport tourists’ nostalgia across different sport and cultural settings. Implications and suggestions for future nostalgia research are also discussed.

Travel overseas for a game: the effect of nostalgia on satellite fans’ psychological commitment, subjective well-being, and travel intention

“…Cho et al, 2019c;Kaplanidou & Vogt, 2007). According to Cho and his colleagues, sport tourists' nostalgia is generated through objects, places, things, and experiences that act as stimuli to retrieve past romanticized moments, affecting their behavioral intentions (Cho et al, 2019b(Cho et al, , 2020. The framework of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model (Mehrabian & Russell, 1974) suggested that an environment consists of specific features that stimulate the cognitive and affective state of an individual which results in behavioral responses.…”

Importance of perceived teammate support as a predictor of student-athletes’ positive emotions and subjective well-being

“…67 Moreover, Cho and his colleagues noted that nostalgia, which can be considered as a longing for the past, 68–72 is a critical factor affecting individuals’ psychological and behavioral outcomes. 73–76 Therefore, we suggest future research further investigates diverse antecedents of student-athletes’ future behavior and well-being to provide a more comprehensive understanding of their life.…”

Understanding the Relationship between Past Experience of a Sports Mega-Event and Current Spectatorship: The Mediating Role of Nostalgia

“…In an attempt to evaluate nostalgia empirically, Cho et al [55] developed a leisure nostalgia scale (LNS) by integrating Fairley and Gammon's [42] conceptualisation of nostalgia in sport tourism. The LNS was categorised based on the following antecedents, which are most relevant to engendering a nostalgic feeling: experience, environment, socialisation, personal identity, and group identity [55,56]. When an LNS was applied to and implemented across the research on sport and leisure, it was found that nostalgia, as a multidimensional psychological construct, has motivational effects on an individual's behaviour changes [55,56].…”