Cross-cultural validation of the revised Temperament and Character Inventory: Serbian data

Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) in a Croatian psychiatric outpatient sample

“…Finally, the internal reliabilities of the 29 subscales ranged from 0.51 (RD4) to 0.87 (CO4). The lowest Cronbach's alpha coefficients were observed in the case of two short facets -RD4 (6 items) and CO2 (5 items), in accordance with some other international studies [10,11,16,19,20] and somewhat expected given that internal reliability coefficients are highly dependent on the number of items in the scale [36,37]. Mostly adequate reliabilities found for all the TCI-R subscales support their clinical significance and use in personality assessment [2].…”

“…The unexpected loading of SD4 subscale has also been observed in prior validation studies [14,[18][19][20]. Goncalves and Cloninger [17] were the only ones who also found CO2 subscale (Empathy) loading on ST dimension in a sample of Brazilian nonclinical volunteers.…”

“…The temperament subscales conformed to the postulated four-factor solution, except for the following three subscales: NS1 facet loaded positively on RD, RD1 facet loaded positively on HA and PS, while RD4 facet loaded negatively on NS. Such scattered, theoretically unexpected loadings are found in other international studies of complex psychological constructs such as personality [15,18,20] are generally not considered in isolation, but rather in the context of other indices of construct validity. It should be noted that PS was shown to be the most robust factor in this research by demonstrating highest factor loadings, which supports the addition of 3 PS subscales in TCI-R.…”

“…The TCI-R has been translated into different languages, while its psychometric properties have been evaluated in samples from various countries, such as Belgium [16], Brazil [17], Czech Republic [15,18], Hungary [19], Italy [11], Serbia [20], and the United States [10]. However, of all such studies, only two have been carried out using clinical samples: 333 French psychiatric out-and inpatients [14] and 504 Italian psychiatric outpatients [11].…”

Assessment of Temperament and Character Profile with Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Acne

“…The temperament and character inventory (TCI) provides a psychobiological model of personality that has the potential to provide insight into human personality at multiple levels of analysis (4). According to Cloninger's (5) psychobiological model, personality has four temperament (novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), and persistence (P)) and three character (self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness (C), and selftranscendence (ST)) dimensions.…”