“…The validity of the APS-R has been explored in several culturally diverse populations, and translated to various languages including Chinese, Asian, Indian, African American, and Turkish samples (e.g., Aydin;2013;Yang et al, 2007;Mobley, Slaney, & Rice, 2005;Slaney, Chadha, Mobley, & Kennedy, 2000;Slaney, Mobley, Trippi, Ashby, & Johnson, 1996;Ulu, 2007;Ulu, Tezer, & Slaney, 2012;Wang, Puri, Slaney, Methikalam, & Chadha, 2012;Wang, Slaney, & Rice, 2007;Wang, Yuen, & Slaney, 2009). Further, a short version of the scale that includes 8 of its items and represents standards and the discrepancy was tested and found to have similar characteristics (Rice, Richardson, & Tueller, 2014).…”