Cross-current leaching of indium from end-of-life LCD panels

Rocchetti, Laura; Amato, Alessia; Fonti, Viviana; Ubaldini, Stefano; Michelis, Ida De; Kopacek, Peter; Vegliò, Francesco; Beolchini, Francesca

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.035

Cited by 106 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Depending on the origin of the LCD panels, indium content is within a range of 53-410 ppm, but it typically reaches 110-200 ppm [10]. Literature data shows that hydrometallurgical treatment is the most-suitable and most-frequently-used method for indium recovery from waste panels, mainly due to the low percentages of the element [11].…”

Section: Leaching Of Waste Lcd and Led Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Methods of Indium Recovery From Obsolete LCD and Led Panels

Krištofová

Rudnik

Miškufová

2016

mafe

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This paper shows a review of literature data on the possibilities of indium recovery from ITO layers of waste LCD and LED displays. A short characterization of indium, its compounds, resources, production, and applications is presented. The structure and operation of LCD displays are shown. A detailed overview of the ITO leaching process is presented. Methods of indium(III) ion separation from the leachate solutions (SX, HoLLE, IX) as well as recovery of the final products (precipitation, cementation, electrowinning) are also shown. Keywords: indium; LCD, LED, ITO, hydrometallurgy, recycling StreszczenieArtykuł przedstawia przegląd literatury na temat odzysku indu z warstw ITO w zużytych panelach LCD i LED. Przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę indu, jego związków chemicznych, zasobów, produkcji i zastosowań. Omówiono budowę i zasadę działania paneli LCD. W sposób szczegółowy opisano proces ługowania ITO. Przedyskutowano także metody rozdziału jonów indu(III) z roztworów po ługowaniu (SX, HoLLE, IX) oraz odzysku produktów końcowych (strącanie, cementacja, elektroliza).

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Section: Leaching Of Waste Lcd and Led Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Methods of Indium Recovery From Obsolete LCD and Led Panels

Krištofová

Rudnik

Miškufová

2016

mafe

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“…The main parameters are the preparation of the LCD panels, the concentration of the leachate used, temperature, reaction time, and repetition of the chosen process. The primary leachates used are sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid, while the chosen temperature is between 80 and 90 • C. With this approach, up to 99% of the indium can be extracted [16,17,19,20,41].…”

Section: Indium Recycling From Lcd Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and Recycling Strategies for LCD Panels from WEEE

et al. 2017

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Indium is one of the strategically important materials, which have been characterized as critical by various industrialized countries. Despite its high relevance, only low recycling rates are realized. Its main application is in indium tin oxide (ITO), which is used in the production of liquid crystal displays (LCD). However, recovery strategies for indium from LCDs are not yet being implemented in recycling practices. Although LCDs consist of a sandwich compound with additional materials such as glass (80% ± 5%) and polarizer foils (20% ± 5%), recently published recycling approaches focus mainly on the recovery of indium exclusively. This study, first of all, provides information about the quantity and quality of the materials applied in the LCD panels of the various equipment types investigated, such as notebooks, tablets, mobile phones, smartphones, PC monitors, and LCD TVs. The highest indium mass fraction per mass of LCD was determined in mobile phones and the least indium was found in smartphones. Additionally, we found the significant use of contaminating metals like antimony, arsenic, lead, and strontium in the glass fraction. Thus, specific recovery strategies should focus on selected equipment types with the highest indium potential, which is directly related to the sales of new devices and the number of collected end-of-life devices. Secondly, we have developed and successfully tested a novel recycling approach for separating the sandwich compound to provide single output fractions of panel glass, polarizer foils, and an indium concentrate for subsequent recycling. Unfortunately, the strongly varying content of contaminating metals jeopardizes the recycling of this output fraction. Nonetheless, economic recycling approaches need to address all materials contained, in particular those with the highest share in LCD panels such as polarizer foils and panel glass.

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“…ITO thin film coatings currently represent the largest end use for indium and are therefore a major potential source for recovery of this element [7]. The methods that have been considered for the recovery of indium from thin films have also involved the use of energy intensive pyrometallurgical methods [8], aggressive acid leaching [9], and solvent extraction [9,10], some of which have included the use of techniques such as crosscurrent leaching [11] and extraction chromatography of indium, on silica gel impregnated with a high molecular weight carboxylic acid [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of extraction chromatography in the recycling of critical metals from thin film leach solutions

Schaeffer

Grimes

Cheeseman

2017

Inorganica Chimica Acta

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Phosphors and optoelectronic thin film electronic device layers contain critical metals including lanthanides and indium that should be recycled. Solvent impregnated resins (SIRs) containing ( Sn is achieved by elution of In(III) with 2.5M HNO3 and Sn(IV) with 5M acid. La is separated from the other lanthanides by elution of La(III) with 2.5M HNO3 and the remaining lanthanides 2 with 5M acid. The SIR resins can be reused over a series of at least five cycles of loading, stripping, and rinsing to reduce reagent costs and achieve economic critical metal recovery by extraction chromatography.

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Cross-current leaching of indium from end-of-life LCD panels

Cited by 106 publications

References 22 publications

Hydrometallurgical Methods of Indium Recovery From Obsolete LCD and Led Panels

Hydrometallurgical Methods of Indium Recovery From Obsolete LCD and Led Panels

Potential and Recycling Strategies for LCD Panels from WEEE

Use of extraction chromatography in the recycling of critical metals from thin film leach solutions

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