Cross-Cuttingness, Cleavage Structures and Civil War Onset

Selway, Joel Sawat

doi:10.1017/s0007123410000311

Cited by 55 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Last, we use information on spoken languages from the census to calculate a measure of "cross-cuttingness" (Selway, 2011). If language is an important alternative identity cleavage (Bormann, Cederman, & Vogt, 2013) that does not perfectly align with self-reported indigenous identity, it might serve as a weakening factor for ethnic mobilization.…”

Section: Methodology and Research Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Identity, Natural Resources, and Contentious Politics in Bolivia

Mähler

Pierskalla

2014

Comparative Political Studies

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How do natural resources and ethnic identity interact to incite or to mitigate social conflict? This article argues that high-value natural resources can act as an important catalyst for the politicization of ethnic, specifically indigenous identity, and contribute to social conflict as they limit the malleability of identity frames and raise the stakes of confrontations. We test this argument using unique sub-national data from Bolivian provinces. Drawing on Bolivian newspaper reports, we code conflict events for all of the 112 provinces from 2000 to 2011. We join this conflict data with information on local ethnic composition from the census, the political representation of ethnic groups at the national level, as well as geo-spatial information on gas deposits. Using time-series cross-sectional count models, we show a significant conflict-promoting effect of the share of indigenous people in provinces with gas reserves, but not without.

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Section: Methodology and Research Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Identity, Natural Resources, and Contentious Politics in Bolivia

Mähler

Pierskalla

2014

Comparative Political Studies

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“…Simmel argued that cross-cutting social circles lead to higher levels of individualization. In turn, more individualization means lower ingroup altruism, which is a key factor in breaking down boundaries and building bridges among social groups (Selway, 2011).…”

Section: It's a Combination Of Your 'Skills' Your Gifts; It's A Combmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Spirituality and Social Engagement

Berghuijs

Pieper

2013

Scientific Study of Religion

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New spirituality has often been accused of being egocentric and thus lacking incentives for social engagement. The discussion on this subject is tangled because authors differ in specifying who they are writing about and what the criticism is. After seeking an adequate demarcation of the target group (people involved in new spirituality), we established a concept of social engagement that distinguishes between behavior that is and that is not driven by egocentric motivation. Using measures based on this conceptual model, we surveyed a representative sample of the Dutch population. We found that on most measures people involved in new spirituality are less socially engaged than affiliated or traditionally religious people but more engaged than “secular” people. However, they are more committed to organizations for environmental protection, peace, or animal rights than others. Overall, demographic factors—especially education, age, and gender—are stronger predictors for social engagement than religious and spiritual beliefs, experiences, or practices. The most important spirituality variable that predicts some social engagement measures is connectedness with self, others, and nature.

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“…Roeder, 2001;Alesina et al, 2003) our measures capture the ethnic-dyad level rather than country-level variation, and clearly identify the potential combatants in a civil war rather than comparing all groups with one another. Additionally, the explicit coding of linguistic and religious cleavages allows us to estimate both individual cleavage dimension effects and their interaction, which country-level indices of cleavage constellations cannot (see Selway, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Language, Religion, and Ethnic Civil War

Bormann

Cederman

Vogt

2016

Journal of Conflict Resolution

107

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Are certain ethnic cleavages more conflict-prone than others? While only few scholars focus on the contents of ethnicity, most of those who do argue that political violence is more likely to occur along religious divisions than linguistic ones. We challenge this claim by proposing the path from linguistic differences to ethnic civil war along three theoretical steps: (1) the perception of grievances by group members, (2) rebel mobilization, and (3) government accommodation of rebel demands. Our argument is tested with a new dataset of ethnic cleavages that records multiple linguistic and religious segments for ethnic groups from 1946 to 2009. Adopting a relational perspective, we assess ethnic differences between potential challengers and the politically dominant group in each country. Our findings indicate that intrastate conflict is more likely within linguistic dyads than among religious ones. Moreover, we find no support for the thesis that Muslim groups are particularly conflict-prone.

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Cross-Cuttingness, Cleavage Structures and Civil War Onset

Cited by 55 publications

References 26 publications

Indigenous Identity, Natural Resources, and Contentious Politics in Bolivia

Indigenous Identity, Natural Resources, and Contentious Politics in Bolivia

New Spirituality and Social Engagement

Language, Religion, and Ethnic Civil War

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