Cross-dimensional interference between time and distance during spatial navigation is mediated by speed representations in intraparietal sulcus and area hMT+

The influence of travel time on perceived traveled distance varies by spatiotemporal scale

“…We additionally hypothesized that short distances might be judged as longer when they are traveled at a high speed (resulting in a negative relationship between travel time and perceived traveled distance). This hypothesis was derived from the fact that the studies that do report a negative influence of travel time on perceived traveled distance used rather short distances (up to 3m, Frenz and Lappe 2005 ) or, as in the study by Riemer et al ( 2022 ), short travel times (up to 4.8s). Riemer et al ( 2022 ) argued that the negative effect of travel time on perceived distance might result from the mediating influence of speed.…”

“…This hypothesis was derived from the fact that the studies that do report a negative influence of travel time on perceived traveled distance used rather short distances (up to 3m, Frenz and Lappe 2005 ) or, as in the study by Riemer et al ( 2022 ), short travel times (up to 4.8s). Riemer et al ( 2022 ) argued that the negative effect of travel time on perceived distance might result from the mediating influence of speed.…”

“…This positive relationship seems intuitive, since covering a larger distance usually requires more time. However, there are other studies, both conducted in real and virtual (predominantly) desktop environments, reporting no (Herman et al 1984 ; Lederman et al 1987 ; Lappe et al 2007 ; Riemer et al 2018 ) or even a negative relationship between travel time and perceived traveled distance, that is, longer travel times leading to a relative underestimation of traveled distances (Frenz and Lappe 2005 ; Riemer et al 2022 ).…”

“…In contrast, when examining smaller spatiotemporal scales, such as walking a short distance (e.g., crossing a room to open a window), movement speed is often a very salient predictor for the estimation of traveled distance. Consistent with this assumption, a positive influence of travel time on perceived traveled distance is often found for relatively long travel distances up to 45m (Cohen et al 1963 ; Ellmore and McNaughton 2004 ; Harris et al 2012 ; Herman et al 1983 ; Redlick et al 2001 ), whereas a negative influence of travel time on perceived traveled distance was reported for shorter travel distances (up to 3m, Frenz and Lappe 2005 ) or shorter travel times (up to 4.8s, Riemer et al 2022 ). The results of Redlick et al ( 2001 ) show that the positive relation between travel time and perceived traveled distance becomes more prominent with distances increasing from 4 to 32 m.…”

Common and specific activations supporting optic flow processing and navigation as revealed by a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

“…A further systematic literature search was performed using the following string: ‘fMRI AND (“spatial navigation” or “egocentric” or “allocentric”)’. This search produced 127 resulting original articles; based on the inclusion criteria reported above, 11 experiments from 5 of these articles (Ramanoël et al 2020 , 2022 ; Riemer et al 2022 ; Noachtar et al 2022 ; Qi et al 2022 ) were included. In addition to the 91 experiments from 32 papers already included in Teghil et al ( 2021 ), the general meta-analysis on spatial navigation was thus performed on 102 experiments from 37 papers for a total of 1984 participants.…”