Cross-Immunity in Calves after Vaccination against Trichophytosis

Abstract

Rybnikar A.: Cross-Imunity in Calves after Vaccination against Trichophytosis. Acta vet. Bmo, 61, 1992: 189-194.Calves vaccinated against Trichophyton verrucosum were resistant to experimental infection with T. verrucosum strain and T. mentagrophytes strain. Immunization with a vaccine containing T. mentagrophytes produced reliable immunity against the homologous strain but failed to confer a satisfactory degree of protection against the heterologous dermatophyte T. verrucosum. Four out of 12 calves of this group reacted to challenge by development of mycotic changes persisting throughout the observation period. All non-vaccinated controls inoculated with one or the other of the two challenge cultures showed a similar clinical picture of trichophytosis. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton verrucosum, immunization, challengeImmune cross-reactions in dermatophytes have been studied both in vitro and in vivo with frequently conflicting results. The differences have been explained particularly by different preparation and composition of antigens and by the use of qualitatively and quantitatively different methods (Kaaman and Wasserman 1981). In in-vivo experiments the immune response was studied in animals and humans sensibilized, infected or immunized with dermatophytic antigens.Foals injected i. m. with living Trichophyton equinum antigen developed immunity not only to the homologous species but also to Trichophyton mentagrophytes (petrovich and Sarkisov 1981). However, from the observations reported by Petrovich (1985) it appears that horses that recovered from trichophytosis lacked cross-immunity to subsequent infection with the causative agent-of microsporidia and vice versa. Woloszyn (1987) reported that cattle infected with T. verrucosum cross-reacted with trichophytin prepared from T. mentagrophytes. Wawrzkiewicz and Rzechowski (1983) who vaccinated guinea-pigs with living and inactivated vaccine against trichophytosis found immune cross-reactions between T. verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes strains. Petrovich et a!. (1972) and Rasulev and Turdiev (1975), on the other hand, found no cross--immunity between T. verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes in calves.The present study was designed to assess the development of post-vaccination immunity against homologous and heterologous dermatophyte species in 69 calves on the basis of challenge experiments. Materials and MethodsThe experimental animals were calves of the Bohemian Pied breed from herds without a history of trichophytosis, aged 4 to 6 weeks at the beginning of the experiments.The following two vaccines were used: (a) a commercial vaccine against bovine trichophytosis containing living T. verrucosum strain TV-M-310 attenuated by ultra-violet radiation (manufacturer~ Bioveta, Ivanovice na Hane, Czechoslovakia) and (b) an experimental living vaccine prepared from microconidia of a T. mentagrophytes strain.Each vaccine was injected i. m. into the gluteal muscle in two doses of2.5 mI. Each vaccination dose contained approximately 15 million CFU. The...

Dermatophytosis in an adult cattle due to Trichophyton verrucosum

“…If the infection is not generalized and lesions are limited in numbers, the treatment of ringworm in animals with topical application with tincture iodine solution is recommended, particularly for the poor resource nations, which can hardly afford expensive antifungal drugs, such as miconazole, clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazle, luliconazole and terbinafine. Immunoprophylaxis of cattle against T. verrucosum with live vaccine is considered effective to control the infection [3,25]. It is interesting to mention that immunization of calves with T. verrucosum vaccine showed very encouraging results as it could protect 90% of vaccinated calves against T. verrucosum infection [26].…”

Strategies for the development of a vaccine against ringworm

“…Characterization of the relevant antigen(s) involved and the method of their presentation to the APCs thus becomes a top priority. Dermatophytes contain at least 30 potentially antigenic components, at least some of which are common to a number of species [19,27]; the potential for a broad spectrum vaccine therefore exists [17,28].…”

Safety and immunologic effects after inoculation of inactivated and combined live-inactivated dermatophytosis vaccines in cats

“…1-3,a Immunity conferred by a dermatophyte vaccine also can vary depending on the species of fungus in the vaccine and the species of fungus that cause the infection, as well as the species of animal that is vaccinated. 6,7 Most currently available commercial dermatophyte vaccines in the United States and Europe are monovalent (ie, they contain only 1 strain or species of dermatophyte). In an attempt to develop more efficacious vaccines, preparations containing combinations of dermatophyte species or strains have been evaluated, but they have yielded variable results.…”