Cross-influence of toluene as tar model compound and HCl on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell anodes in Integrated Biomass Gasifier SOFC Systems

Cavalli, Alessandro; Künze, M.; Aravind, P.V.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.060

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In our previous tests reported in, we studied the cross‐influence of toluene and HCl on a Ni‐GDC SOFC fed with hydrogen, and HCl appeared to affect the reforming of toluene. The different behavior observed with toluene and acetic acid can be due to the higher reactivity of acetic acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The behavior was explained in light of Reeping et al findings, that is, HCl preventing methane reforming. The lower operating temperature (ie, 750°C in the experiments with toluene) and other factors associated with methane formation from toluene might have played a role in the process …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, excluding the studies of Sasaki et al on copoisoning of H 2 S and hydrocarbons, and Papurello et al and Boldrin et al on cross‐influence of sulfur and toluene, the effect of H 2 S on tar reforming and in particular on primary tar has not been investigated. The same holds for the cross‐influence of HCl and tar, with exception for a previous work where toluene was used as tar . Furthermore, there is no agreement on the effect of HCl on catalytic reactions involving methane and carbon monoxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Effect of H₂S and HCl on solid oxide fuel cells fed with simulated biosyngas containing primary tar

Cavalli

Bernardini

Carlo

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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Integrated biomass gasifier solid oxide fuel cell systems are an alternative to fossil‐fuel‐based combined heat and power generators. However, biosyngas contaminants represent a bottleneck for small‐scale systems. In this work, we present the results of experiments on the effects of H2S, HCl, and acetic acid as model primary tar on Ni‐GDC SOFC. First, the effects of 17‐128 g/Nm3 dry basis acetic acid were studied. On a second cell, 0.8 and 1.3 ppm(v) H2S were added to the simulated biosyngas anode flow. After a full recovery, the cell was exposed to 42 g/Nm3 acetic acid and 0.8 ppm(v) H2S. On a third cell, 3.4, 20, and 50 ppm(v) HCl were tested and, after a recovery period, 42 g/Nm3 acetic acid and HCl were added. Even 0.8 ppm(v) H2S caused an immediate voltage drop. H2S affected CH4 reforming and water‐gas shift reaction. Differently, even 50 ppm(v) HCl appeared not to significantly affect these reactions. Acetic acid increased the cell voltage but caused carbon deposition at the cell inlet. The voltage increase seemed not to be affected by H2S or HCl, and no acetic acid was measured at the cell outlet, indicating that these contaminants do not affect the primary tar conversion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Effect of H₂S and HCl on solid oxide fuel cells fed with simulated biosyngas containing primary tar

Cavalli

Bernardini

Carlo

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…Another relatively light tar, toluene, can be utilized as fuel at low concentrations around 3.8 ppm (15.4 mg/Nm³), but at higher levels causes degradation and metal dusting, which is the disintegration of Ni‐containing structures . Cavalli et al also reported extensive carbon deposits in the fuel supply when they used acetic acid as a tar substitute in their experiments . Heavier tars like naphthalene, however, adsorb onto the anode surface even at low concentrations, where they hinder reforming reactions and block active sites .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Cavalli et al also reported extensive carbon deposits in the fuel supply when they used acetic acid as a tar substitute in their experiments. 27 Heavier tars like naphthalene, however, adsorb onto the anode surface even at low concentrations, where they hinder reforming reactions and block active sites. 24 Geis et al studied the effect of phenol at concentrations from 1 to 8 g/Nm³ on Ni/YSZ anode-supported cells at 700°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of internal hydrocarbon reforming during coupled operation of a biomass gasifier with hot gas cleaning and SOFC stacks

Fischer

Hauser

Hauck

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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In the context of energy transition and climate change, a combination of highly efficient modern solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and thermo‐chemical conversion of biogenic residues could complement other intermittent renewable sources such as wind and solar. In order to reduce required gas cleaning efforts and to increase the process efficiency, the influence of hydrocarbons on SOFC performance is experimentally investigated in this study. For the first time, the operation of Ni/YSZ anode‐supported cells in Jülich F10 stacks is performed with pre‐reformed and with bio‐syngas containing full hydrocarbon content at realistic current densities. Sulfur and other impurities were removed in both cases. No degradation could be observed within normal operation on clean gas. With the tar reformer bypassed, the pressure drop over the stack increased due to severe carbon deposition on the anode substrate and the nickel current collector mesh inside the SOFC stack, so that operation had to be terminated after five hours. This behavior is different from single‐cell tests, where electrochemical degradation is the limiting factor. The results show that improvements are not only necessary for cell materials and that future research must also consider other stack components.

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Performance test of a 5 kW solid oxide fuel cell system under high fuel utilization with industrial fuel gas feeding

Wang

Zhao³

et al. 2021

Int J Coal Sci Technol

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As the demand for green energy with high efficiency and low carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has increased, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been intensively developed in recent years. Integrated gasification fuel cells (IGFCs) in particular show potential for large-scale power generation to further increase system efficiency. Thus, for commercial application of IGFCs, it is important to design reliable multi-stacks for large systems that show long-term stability and practical fuel gas for application to industrial equipment. In this work, a test rig (of a 5 kW SOFC system, with syngas from industrial gasifiers as fuel) was fabricated and subjected to long-term tests under high fuel utilization to investigate its performance. The maximum steady output power of the system was 5700 W using hydrogen and 5660 W using syngas and the maximum steady electrical efficiency was 61.24% while the fuel utilization efficiency was 89.25%. The test lasted for more than 500 h as the fuel utilization efficiency was larger than 83%. The performances of each stack tower were almost identical at both the initial stage and after long-term operation. After 500 h operation, the performances of the stack towers decreased only slightly under lower current and showed almost no change under high current. These results demonstrate the reliability of the multi-stack design and the prospect of this SOFC power-generation system for further enlarging its application in a MWth demonstration.

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Cross-influence of toluene as tar model compound and HCl on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell anodes in Integrated Biomass Gasifier SOFC Systems

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of H₂S and HCl on solid oxide fuel cells fed with simulated biosyngas containing primary tar

Effect of H₂S and HCl on solid oxide fuel cells fed with simulated biosyngas containing primary tar

Effect of internal hydrocarbon reforming during coupled operation of a biomass gasifier with hot gas cleaning and SOFC stacks

Performance test of a 5 kW solid oxide fuel cell system under high fuel utilization with industrial fuel gas feeding

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Cross-influence of toluene as tar model compound and HCl on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell anodes in Integrated Biomass Gasifier SOFC Systems

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of H2S and HCl on solid oxide fuel cells fed with simulated biosyngas containing primary tar

Effect of H2S and HCl on solid oxide fuel cells fed with simulated biosyngas containing primary tar

Effect of internal hydrocarbon reforming during coupled operation of a biomass gasifier with hot gas cleaning and SOFC stacks

Performance test of a 5 kW solid oxide fuel cell system under high fuel utilization with industrial fuel gas feeding

Contact Info

Product

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Effect of H₂S and HCl on solid oxide fuel cells fed with simulated biosyngas containing primary tar

Effect of H₂S and HCl on solid oxide fuel cells fed with simulated biosyngas containing primary tar