Cross-Jurisdictional Income Shifting and Earnings Valuation

Collins, Julie H.; Kemsley, Deen; Lang, Mark H.

doi:10.2307/2491475

Cited by 260 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

175

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Several papers show an inverse relation between corporate taxes and affiliate profitability. For example, Collins et al (1998) andDischinger (2007) present evidence that the statutory corporate tax difference between a subsidiary and its parent firm negatively affects the subsidiary's productivity (measured as pretax profit per units of input factors). Analogously, Rice (1994), Huizinga andLaeven (2008) and an earlier discussion paper version of our paper (Dischinger and Riedel, 2008) provide evidence that affiliate productivity falls in the average tax difference to all other affiliates of the multinational group.…”

Section: Corporate Tax Differentials and Affiliate Profitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporate taxes and the location of intangible assets within multinational firms

Dischinger¹,

Riedel

2011

Journal of Public Economics

379

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intangible assets, like patents and trademarks, are increasingly seen as the key to competitive success and as the drivers of corporate profit. Moreover, they constitute a major source of profit shifting opportunities in multinational enterprises (MNEs) due to a highly intransparent transfer pricing process. This paper argues that for both reasons, MNEs have an incentive to locate intangible property at affiliates with a relatively low corporate tax rate. Using panel data on European MNEs and controlling for unobserved time-constant heterogeneity between affiliates, we find that the lower a subsidiary's tax rate relative to other affiliates of the multinational group the higher is its level of intangible asset investment. This effect is statistically and economically significant, even after controlling for subsidiary size and accounting for a dynamic intangible investment pattern.JEL classification: H25, F23, H26, C33

show abstract

Section: Corporate Tax Differentials and Affiliate Profitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporate taxes and the location of intangible assets within multinational firms

Dischinger¹,

Riedel

2011

Journal of Public Economics

379

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A summary can be seen in Appendix 1. Furthermore, there are other more recent economic and accounting indirect approaches to prove the existence of PS behaviour -for example, in the papers of Collins, Kemsley and Lang (1998); Klassen and Laplante (2012); Dyreng and Markle (2016); or Dharmapala and Riedel (2013). A review of the indirect evidence method in general can be found in Heckemeyer and Overesch (2013) and Dharmapala (2014), but the Hines and Rice approach has been the most used to date.…”

Section: Proving the Existence Of Profit Shifting Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Spanish companies involved in profit shifting? Consequences in terms of tax revenues

Murciego

Laborda

2017

Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper the authors analyze the existence of profit shifting between Spain and other OECD and EU countries. Using a sample of 1,169 Spanish subsidiaries owned by foreign OECD and EU parent companies and a sample of 317 EU subsidiaries owned by Spanish parent companies, taken from the AMADEUS Database for the period 2005 to 2014, and a simple tax rate difference as a measure of the tax incentive, the authors obtain a negative effect of corporate income taxes on reported profits. When the tax rate differences between Spain and the foreign countries vary by one percentage point, reported profits vary by approximately 2.7 to 3%. This is consistent with profit shifting activity by corporations and matches the empirical results in the literature. Furthermore, the authors calculate the impact of this activity on Spain's tax revenues from the sample of Spanish subsidiary companies. They obtain that the tax revenues vary from year to year, depending on the level of taxation of the main investor countries in Spain in comparison to the Spanish tax rate. IntroductionAmong multinational enterprises (MNEs), profit shifting (PS) is a tax planning strategy within a group consisting of artificially shifting taxable income from entities located in high tax paying countries (basically, countries with high corporate income tax, CIT) to entities located in countries with lower tax rates. The PS phenomenon, like other tax avoidance and evasion devices, causes what is known as Double Non-Taxation, which refers to the minimisation and sometimes zero taxation of certain taxable income (or more generally, taxable object). Where there is PS activity, worldwide CIT revenues become lower because profits are taxed at low tax rates.Nowadays these tax minimizing activities are encouraged by the discrepancy between the features of today's economy and the international taxation standards (based on the Separate Accounting Method) created a century ago, when international exchanges of goods and services were limited and business models were simpler. While the world economy is becoming ever more globalized, current international taxation standards require MNEs to report profits separately in the different jurisdictions in which they operate. This creates an opportunity for MNEs to develop strategies to reduce their tax burden, most of which are legally acceptable, because it is difficult to determine where profits are created. 1 The digitalization of the economy, the complexity of business models and the diversity of tax rules in different jurisdictions (which creates tax loopholes) also make it easier for companies to develop these strategies.Two of the most popular PS mechanisms among MNEs are transfer pricing and thin capitalisation. Transfer prices are the prices that entities set when they exchange services and/or goods within the multinational group, i.e. the prices applicable to related-party transactions, which have to be determined as if the transactions were between independent enterprises, i.e., according to the arm's len...

show abstract

“…15. In the U.S. context, Collins, Kemsley and Lang (1998) use average tax rates to capture FTC limitations at the margin on the grounds that the FTC limitation is based on aggregate foreign taxes paid rather than on a country-by-country basis, and the credit includes all foreign income taxes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%