Cross-Kingdom Extracellular Vesicles EV-RNA Communication as a Mechanism for Host–Pathogen Interaction

Rocha, Isadora F. Munhoz da; Amatuzzi, Rafaela F.; Lucena, Aline Castro Rodrigues; Faoro, Helisson; Alves, Lysangela Ronalte

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.593160

Cited by 42 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Moreover, EVs produced by Trichomonas vaginalis encapsulate abundant 5' tRNA halves and fuse with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH-1) cells to deliver sRNAs (Artuyants et al, 2020). In addition, EVs secreted by Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and even intracellular parasites also deliver protein toxins and sRNA products to host cells to modulate the host immune response (Rodrigues et al, 2008;Rivera et al, 2010;Silverman et al, 2010;Resch et al, 2016;Munhoz da Rocha et al, 2020).…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles Are Important Mediators Of Intercellular Communication and Delivery Of Trna Fragments To The Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer RNA-Derived Fragments, the Underappreciated Regulatory Small RNAs in Microbial Pathogenesis

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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In eukaryotic organisms, transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived fragments have diverse biological functions. Considering the conserved sequences of tRNAs, it is not surprising that endogenous tRNA fragments in bacteria also play important regulatory roles. Recent studies have shown that microbes secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing tRNA fragments and that the EVs deliver tRNA fragments to eukaryotic hosts where they regulate gene expression. Here, we review the literature describing microbial tRNA fragment biogenesis and how the fragments secreted in microbial EVs suppress the host immune response, thereby facilitating chronic infection. Also, we discuss knowledge gaps and research challenges for understanding the pathogenic roles of microbial tRNA fragments in regulating the host response to infection.

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Section: Extracellular Vesicles Are Important Mediators Of Intercellular Communication and Delivery Of Trna Fragments To The Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer RNA-Derived Fragments, the Underappreciated Regulatory Small RNAs in Microbial Pathogenesis

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…OMVs and BEVs secreted by microbes serve a variety of intra-kingdom functions, including horizontal gene transfer, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, pathogenicity, depredation, antibiotic resistance, defense, and nutrient acquisition [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 38 , 60 , 61 ]. Similar to miRNAs, every bacterial sRNA and tRNA fragment is predicted to have multiple targets, can regulate genes in cis and trans, modulates transcription and translation, and affects mRNA stability [ 2 ].…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles Secreted By Bacteria Are Important Mediators Of Inter-kingdom Communication and Deliver Srna And Trna Framentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BEVs (~20 nm to 400 nm) secreted by Gram-positive bacteria also contain sRNAs (<100 nt, with most in the range of 10 to 40 nt) [ 10 , 19 , 20 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Although recent studies have shown that sRNAs in BEVs affect host cell biology, to date no studies have identified specific sRNAs that mediate the host response to BEVs.…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles Secreted By Bacteria Are Important Mediators Of Inter-kingdom Communication and Deliver Srna And Trna Framentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, eukaryotic EVs are classified into many subgroups, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, based on their origin, biogenesis, size (~10 to 1000 nm) and composition [ 10 , 21 , 27 , 28 ]. However, at the present time there is no consensus on EV subtypes due to a variety of issues, including the cellular source, overlap in size, composition, the lack of knowledge about their biogenesis, and difficultly in isolating specific subtypes [ 10 , 27 ]. The International Society of Extracellular Vesicles recommends the use of the term EVs in publications since most studies do not identify the subtype [ 21 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of O-IMV in interdomain signaling is not clear [ 38 , 39 ]. Gram-positive bacteria also secrete EVs, but since Gram-positive bacteria do not contain an outer membrane, these EVs are often described as bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEV or BEV) [ 10 , 19 , 20 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In this review, the terms EVs, OMVs and BEVs will be used to describe EVs secreted by non-microbial cells, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular Vesicles and Host–Pathogen Interactions: A Review of Inter-Kingdom Signaling by Small Noncoding RNA

Stanton

2021

Genes

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The focus of this brief review is to describe the role of noncoding regulatory RNAs, including short RNAs (sRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) fragments and microRNAs (miRNA) secreted in extracellular vesicles (EVs), in inter-kingdom communication between bacteria and mammalian (human) host cells. Bacteria secrete vesicles that contain noncoding regulatory RNAs, and recent studies have shown that the bacterial vesicles fuse with and deliver regulatory RNAs to host cells, and similar to eukaryotic miRNAs, regulatory RNAs modulate the host immune response to infection. Recent studies have also demonstrated that mammalian cells secrete EVs containing miRNAs that regulate the gut microbiome, biofilm formation and the bacterial response to antibiotics. Thus, as evidence accumulates it is becoming clear that the secretion of noncoding regulatory RNAs and miRNAs in extracellular vesicles is an important mechanism of bidirectional communication between bacteria and mammalian (human) host cells. However, additional research is necessary to elucidate how noncoding regulatory RNAs and miRNA secreted in extracellular vesicles mediate inter-kingdom communication.

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Bacterial extracellular vesicles as intranasal postbiotics: Detailed characterization and interaction with airway cells

Razim,

Zabłocka,

Schmid

et al. 2024

J of Extracellular Vesicle

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Escherichia coli A0 34/86 (EcO83) is a probiotic strain used in newborns to prevent nosocomial infections and diarrhoea. This bacterium stimulates both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine production and its intranasal administration reduces allergic airway inflammation in mice. Despite its benefits, there are concerns about the use of live probiotic bacteria due to potential systemic infections and gene transfer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from EcO83 (EcO83‐EVs) might offer a safer alternative to live bacteria. This study characterizes EcO83‐EVs and investigates their interaction with host cells, highlighting their potential as postbiotic therapeutics. EcO83‐EVs were isolated, purified, and characterised following the Minimal Information of Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) guidelines. Ex vivo studies conducted in human nasal epithelial cells showed that EcO83‐EVs increased the expression of proteins linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, indicating an effective interaction between EVs and the host cells. Further in vivo studies in mice demonstrated that EcO83‐EVs interact with nasal‐associated lymphoid tissue, are internalised by airway macrophages, and stimulate neutrophil recruitment in the lung. Mechanistically, EcO83‐EVs activate the NF‐κΒ signalling pathway, resulting in the nitric oxide production. EcO83‐EVs demonstrate significant potential as a postbiotic alternative to live bacteria, offering a safer option for therapeutic applications. Further research is required to explore their clinical use, particularly in mucosal vaccination and targeted immunotherapy strategies.

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Cross-Kingdom Extracellular Vesicles EV-RNA Communication as a Mechanism for Host–Pathogen Interaction

Cited by 42 publications

References 106 publications

Transfer RNA-Derived Fragments, the Underappreciated Regulatory Small RNAs in Microbial Pathogenesis

Transfer RNA-Derived Fragments, the Underappreciated Regulatory Small RNAs in Microbial Pathogenesis

Extracellular Vesicles and Host–Pathogen Interactions: A Review of Inter-Kingdom Signaling by Small Noncoding RNA

Bacterial extracellular vesicles as intranasal postbiotics: Detailed characterization and interaction with airway cells

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