Cross-kingdom lipid transfer in arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis and beyond

Keymer, Andreas; Gutjahr, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2018.04.005

Cited by 105 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This suggests that in the roots of these mutants the fungus is deprived of lipids. Lipid transfer from host plants to AMF was shown by two independent experimental approaches (Keymer & Gutjahr, ): Luginbuehl et al . () and Jiang et al .…”

Section: Nutritional and Regulatory Roles For Key Metabolites In The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the dis , fatm and ram2 mutants, lipid transfer was impaired as well as in str mutants, which are deficient in an ABC‐half transporter gene (Jiang et al ., ; Keymer et al ., ; Brands et al ., ). STR together with its complex partner STR2 (Zhang et al ., ) is considered a good candidate transporter for lipid transfer across the PAM (Gutjahr et al ., ; Bravo et al ., ; Keymer & Gutjahr, ).…”

Section: Nutritional and Regulatory Roles For Key Metabolites In The mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

2018

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Contents Summary 1031 I. Introduction 1031 II. Interkingdom communication enabling symbiosis 1032 III. Nutritional and regulatory roles for key metabolites in the AM symbiosis 1035 IV. The plant-fungus genotype combination determines the outcome of the symbiosis 1039 V. Perspectives 1039 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041 SUMMARY: The evolutionary and ecological success of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on an efficient and multifactorial communication system for partner recognition, and on a fine-tuned and reciprocal metabolic regulation of each symbiont to reach an optimal functional integration. Besides strigolactones, N-acetylglucosamine-derivatives released by the plant were recently suggested to trigger fungal reprogramming at the pre-contact stage. Remarkably, N-acetylglucosamine-based diffusible molecules also are symbiotic signals produced by AM fungi (AMF) and clues on the mechanisms of their perception by the plant are emerging. AMF genomes and transcriptomes contain a battery of putative effector genes that may have conserved and AMF- or host plant-specific functions. Nutrient exchange is the key feature of AM symbiosis. A mechanism of phosphate transport inside fungal hyphae has been suggested, and first insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root colonization in accordance with nutrient transfer and status were obtained. The recent discovery of the dependency of AMF on fatty acid transfer from the host has offered a convincing explanation for their obligate biotrophism. Novel studies highlighted the importance of plant and fungal genotypes for the outcome of the symbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AMF in agriculture.

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Section: Nutritional and Regulatory Roles For Key Metabolites In The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nutritional and Regulatory Roles For Key Metabolites In The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

2018

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“…This plant biomass reduction contrasts to previously reported effects in a low N and P context (Thirkell et al, ). Evidence suggests that AMF rely upon the plant host for the energetically expensive process of fatty acid synthesis (Keymer & Gutjahr, ), although nutritional and plant–AMF partner genetic contexts also play roles in whether plant growth depression occurs (Jin, Wang, Wang, & Gange, ). This imbalance may have been exacerbated by above‐ground herbivory leading to increased C allocation to the roots (Wamberg, Christensen, & Jakobsen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphids can acquire the nitrogen delivered to plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

et al. 2019

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Above‐ and below‐ground organisms can interact by altering the quality of shared host plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influence plant nutrient uptake, including nitrogen (N) acquisition. Under low N and phosphorus conditions, AMF delivery of N from organic sources not immediately available to the plant can have large impacts on plant N status, a limiting nutrient in the aphid diet. This study investigated the effect of AMF colonisation upon aphid number and determined the consequences of AMF directly accessing an organic nutrient patch that the plant cannot. We hypothesised that AMF colonisation of plants will increase plant and aphid N status, plant performance and aphid number, but only when the AMF had direct access to the added organic patch. Barley plants hosting the grain aphid Sitobion avenae were colonised by the AMF, Funneliformis mosseae, or no AMF. A two‐compartment microcosm was used to separate the plant roots from a 15N‐labelled organic patch in a second compartment. AMF‐colonised plants, but without access to the second compartment, were used to examine the effect of AMF colonisation on aphid number. In a separate treatment, and to determine whether AMF access to a plant inaccessible N source modified the effect of AMF colonisation on aphid number, AMF hyphae were permitted access to the second compartment containing an organic patch. As a control for AMF accessing a larger substrate volume, AMF were allowed access to a second compartment without an organic patch. When the AMF accessed the organic patch, more N from the patch was delivered to the plant resulting in a higher grain N concentration although plant growth was depressed. More N from the patch was also delivered to the aphids, but the N status of the aphid remained unchanged. Regardless of the level of access to the organic patch, AMF colonisation did not affect aphid number. Our data show that by accessing N sources not readily available to plants, AMF can indirectly deliver N to above‐ground organisms, a finding which has major implications for N‐transfer between higher trophic levels. A plain language summary is available for this article.

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“…“ Since the properties of ST, like substrate specificity, transport activity or localization may differ much between different plants, while sequence comparisons show sometimes strong similarities, the next step for deciphering sugar partitioning in AM plants is the biochemical characterization and subcellular localization of plant ST during AMS. There definitely is still much to be done with respect to full undestanding of the molecular mechanisms of bidirectional trading of resources in the AMS, particularly with respect of C flux from plants to the AM fungus, including different C forms (Keymar and Gutjahr, 2018). Yet this appears necessary to achieve the next break-through in understanding of functioning of this ancient interkingdom relationship (Parniske, 2008) and possibly its better utilization for human welfare (Bender et al, 2015; van de Wiel 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlative evidence for co-regulation of phosphorus and carbon exchanges with symbiotic fungus in the arbuscular mycorrhizalMedicago truncatula

Konecny

Hršelová

Bukovská

et al. 2019

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In the research of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis a considerable progress was made. But despite that, key questions still remain unanswered – for example it is well known that biotrophic fungus release phosphate (P) to- and recieves carbon (C) from the plant symbiont, but the particular genes, and their products, responsible for this exchange are still not fully understood. Here, we made a de novo quest for such genes involved in C transfer. Using physiological intervention of 90% shading and the correlation of expression levels of MtPT4, the AM-specific marker, and our candidate genes we demonstrate that several novel genes may be involved in AM symbiosis in Medicago truncatula. Also, we examined the expression of phosphate transporters (MtPT1-6) and we discuss the balance of “direct” and “mycorrhizal” P uptake pathways upon symbiotic fungus infection and C deprivation.

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Cross-kingdom lipid transfer in arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis and beyond

Cited by 105 publications

References 70 publications

Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Aphids can acquire the nitrogen delivered to plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Correlative evidence for co-regulation of phosphorus and carbon exchanges with symbiotic fungus in the arbuscular mycorrhizalMedicago truncatula

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