Cross-Layer Metrics for Reliable Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks

Abstract

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a flexible and low-cost network infrastructure, where heterogeneous mesh routers managed by different users collaborate to extend network coverage. This paper proposes a novel routing metric, Expected Forwarded Counter (EFW), and two further variants, to cope with the problem of selfish behavior (i.e., packet dropping) of mesh routers in a WMN. EFW combines, in a cross-layer fashion, routing-layer observations of forwarding behavior with MAC-layer measurements of wireless link quality to select the most reliable and high-performance path. We evaluate the pro- posed metrics both through simulations and real-life deployments on two different wireless testbeds, performing a comparative analysis with On-Demand Secure Byzantine Resilient Routing (ODSBR) Protocol and Expected Transmission Counter (ETX).The results show that our cross-layer metrics accurately capture the path reliability and considerably increase the WMN performance, even when a high percentage of network nodes misbehave. ).A. Capone is with the DEI, Politecnico di Milano,

Multiple metrics-OLSR in NAN for Advanced Metering Infrastructures

“… It does not distinguish between links with different capacities, and the loss probability of small probes differs from that of the data packets [7] [8].…”

“…Instead of presenting a survey of the existing literature on routing link metrics, the focus is mainly on research effort related to OLSR routing protocol, which, like other routing protocols, can be implemented as a routing protocol in NAN for AMI. ETX link metric have also been used with OLSR and there exist OLSR's implementation on simulation tools and real network devices, which can be used to develop cross layer metrics for reliable routing in NAN for AMI [7]. As a result of the deficiency in ETX, Other derived ETX metric variations have been proposed, which include:…”

“…The probability of successful transmission between the wireless link ( , ) is therefore computed as ( , ) = (1 ) (1 ). The expected number of transmissions necessary to deliver the data packet considering both its transmission and successful acknowledgement as required by the IEEE 802.11 protocol can be evaluated as [7]:…”

Measures of region failure survivability for wireless mesh networks

“…In simulations, both before and after failures, paths were found as the cheapest ones using the distance metric [37,38]. After failures, redirection of flows with survived end nodes took place in a reactive manner.…”

Quality Aware Reliable Messaging For Wireless Mesh Network

“…ETX measures the expected number of transmissions and retransmissions needed to send a unicast packet correctly over a wireless link. The successful transmission of a packet is referred to the transmission of the packet in one direction and reception of an acknowledgement in the reverse direction [3], [4]. ETX is determined by active probing, in which the number of packets received successfully are compared with the number of packets sent in a given time [2].…”