Impairments in language development are among the most common developmental disorders in childhood. Since language skills are of great importance for many different areas of life, especially for learning and psychosocial development (Rißling et al., 2016), findings on the association between language problems and the experience of psychological stress are necessary. This study therefore aims to investigate the extent to which children with language comprehension problems at the start of school differ from children without language problems in terms of their psychological stress at the end of their school years. In addition, the effects of behavioral problems at the start of school on the mental health of students with language problems will be examined.Data of N = 488 students are used to answer and evaluate these questions at three different measurement points (T0: beginning of grade 1, T1: end of grade 1 and T2: end of grade 9). It was possible to identify a subsample of n = 51 children who exhibited deficiencies in language comprehension at the first wave. The results show that children with problems in language development reported more depressive symptoms, manifest anxiety and test anxiety at the end of their school career. In addition, various externalizing behavioral problems (including hyperactivity and problems with peers) were also found to be predictive of the psychological stress experienced by these children.