Cross-linked Gels of Hyaluronic Acid.

Laurent, Torvard C.; Hellsing, Krister; Gelotte, Bertil; Burton, J. S.; Stevens, Roger

doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.18-0274

Cited by 54 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…In particular, the phenomenon of hyaluronan excluding other macromolecules from its domain has been repeatedly investigated. Back in 1964, Laurent et al [20] pioneered a cross-linking experiment with hyaluronan. They used a simple but efficient procedure to connect hyaluronan chains, thereby creating yet larger molecules of higher molecular weight, essentially gels.…”

Section: Beginningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular structure of hyaluronan: an introduction

Hargittai

2008

Struct Chem

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Hyaluronan is an unbranched polysaccharide of repeating disaccharides consisting of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Its strong water-retaining ability and visco-elastic properties have been broadly utilized in medical applications. Hyaluronan is an important constituent of the extracellular matrix whose physiological functions are manifested both as the substance is by itself as well as when it is being linked to various proteins. Compared with other biopolymers, such as nucleic acids and proteins, the structural chemistry of hyaluronan is much less developed. The scarce information about the metrical aspects of its structure shows no unusual features. Its secondary structure is characterized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding that is hard to distinguish from hydrogen bonding involving water molecules when hyaluronan is in aqueous medium. The tertiary structure of hyaluronan is sensitively dependent on its environment. The relative rigidity of the glycosidic bond and the intramolecular hydrogen bonds would tend to restrict rotational freedom and thus conformational variability. This, however, seems to be overwritten by the impact of molecular environment leading to a great variability of tertiary structure. A large number of conformations are possible and may be present as witnessed by their rather small free energy differences.Of the plethora of physical techniques and computational methods, X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics calculations have proved to be the most fruitful so far. There are untapped possibilities in NMR spectroscopy for structural studies and quantum chemical calculations are also expected to contribute substantially to the structural chemistry of hyaluronan. There are many basic data as well as structural intricacies of hyaluronan that have so far eluded the researchers of its molecular structure.

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Section: Beginningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular structure of hyaluronan: an introduction

Hargittai

2008

Struct Chem

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“…Rheological properties of the gels are obtained by examining the gel network and cross-linking density [10][11][12][13][14]. The structure of the network and the cross-linking density are important factors to determining the rheological characteristics of the gels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hyaluronic acid on the rheological properties of zinc carboxylate gels

Azuma

Ikoma

Osaka

et al. 2004

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…HA gel was prepared by adding EGDE to NaHA solution (20 w/v% in 1 mol dm Ϫ3 NaOH) at the volume ratio 1/9 and by heating at 60°C for 15 min. 5,6) Measurements of 1 H-NMR 1 H-NMR spectra of GMA, NaHA and GMA-HA were measured using a Lambda 400 MHz spectrometer (LAM BDA-NMR, JEOL) in D 2 O. Sample solutions were prepared by dissolving GMA, NaHA and GMA-HA (10 mg) in D 2 O (0.8 ml).…”

Section: ϫ3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3) As HA itself is unable to form a gel, it was gelled using a chemical crosslinking agent, and their useful characteristics have been reported for application in the pharmaceutical field. [4][5][6][7][8][9] In our laboratory, blended HA-PHEA gels composed of HA and polyhydroxyethyl acrylate (PHEA) have been studied and their characteristics reported. 10,11) Their water contents and release rates were shown to be controlled by the ratio of PHEA to HA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Hyaluronate-hydroxyethyl Acrylate Blend Gel and Release of Cationic Amphiphilic Solutes.

Yamanaka

Sato

et al. 2002

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Hyaluronate-hydroxyethyl acrylate blend gel (HA-PHEA) were prepared to modify the brittleness of hyaluronate gel (HA) and the characteristics of HA-PHEA gel were compared with those of HA and polyhydroxyethyl acrylate (PHEA) gels. These gels were high in water content and transparent. HA-PHEA gel was improved in viscoelastic properties due to the elasticity and the high affinity with water of PHEA, and the drying-swelling cycles became reversible. The effective charge densities q q of the gels estimated from membrane potentials were ؊0.002, ؊0.008 and 0 mol dm ؊3 for HA-PHEA, HA and PHEA gels. Effects of electro-static and nonelectrostatic interactions on absorptions and releases were studied using sodium benzoate (NaBA) as an anionic solute, and methylene blue (MB), chlorpromazine (CPHCl) and benzethonium chloride (BZTCl) as cationic solutes, in which CPHCl and BZTCl are cationic amphiphilic solutes. The releases of MB, CPHCl and BZTCl from HA-PHEA and HA gels were suppressed comparing with those of NaBA. By adding salts, the releases of MB and CPHCl were enhanced but those of BZTCl were suppressed due to enhancement of the intra-and intermicelle formation. In the releases of the cationic solutes from HA-PHEA gel, electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interactions with HA were found to play important roles. Behaviors of the releases from HA-PHEA gel were found to possess the features of HA gel.

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Cross-linked Gels of Hyaluronic Acid.

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular structure of hyaluronan: an introduction

Molecular structure of hyaluronan: an introduction

Effects of hyaluronic acid on the rheological properties of zinc carboxylate gels

Characteristics of Hyaluronate-hydroxyethyl Acrylate Blend Gel and Release of Cationic Amphiphilic Solutes.

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