Cross-Linked Graphene Oxide Membrane Functionalized with Self-Cross-Linkable and Bactericidal Cardanol for Oil/Water Separation

Abstract

A cross-linked graphene oxide (GO) membrane was fabricated by a simple vacuum filtration, which was followed by a thermal treatment to functionalize GO with renewable cardanol (cardanol-GO). The cardanol-GO was fabricated through reactions between epoxy groups on the GO surface and phenolic moieties of cardanol with the participation of a catalyst. The prepared cardanol-GO membrane was then heated to form a cross-linked structure by reactions between the double bonds of cardanol. The crosslinked GO membrane exhibited outstanding dimensional stability and oil/water separation efficiency. Furthermore, the cross-linked cardanol-GO membrane was proved to contain a marked antibacterial property against Escherichia coli that originates from the cardanol moieties.

Modification of Renewable Cardanol onto Carbon Fiber for the Improved Interfacial Properties of Advanced Polymer Composites

“…In a word, the formed chemical bonding between CFs and the matrix resin promotes the largest share of composite interface improvements.Cardanol, which is extracted from cashew nut shell liquid using a double vacuum distillation technique, is known as a significant agricultural renewable resource [27][28][29][30]. Cardanol, with a reactive phenolic moiety and an unsaturated C15 hydrocarbon chain, can easily form cross-linked structures under a thermal curing treatment, which is viewed as a robust platform for further grafting for multifunctional applications in the fields of coatings, biocomposites, curing agents, and antioxidants owing to its sustainability, low cost, large availability, and bactericidal properties [31,32]. We believe that this is the first report of a new hierarchical reinforcement that has been surface-modified with cardanol for changing the surface/interface properties.…”

Free-Standing Sodium Titanate Ultralong Nanotube Membrane with Oil-Water Separation, Self-Cleaning, and Photocatalysis Properties

“…The properties of materials contained in the membrane usually endow the membrane some special functions [41][42][43]. The membrane prepared using cross-linked cardanolgraphene oxide contains not only oil/water separation function but also a marked antibacterial activity that originates from the cardanol [44]. Here, the specific surface areas and average pore diameter of the F-60 membrane are 240.4 m 2 g −1 and 14.5 nm, respectively (Additional file 1: Figure S4).…”

Development of superhydrophillic tannic acid-crosslinked graphene oxide membranes for efficient treatment of oil contaminated water with enhanced stability

“…However, the pure GO membranes suffer from the drawback of swelling during the filtration process due to which the interlayer spacing between the GO sheets is enhanced and the oil contaminants can easily pass through the membrane [ 23 ]. Therefore, it is desirable to chemically modify the graphene oxide nanosheets before their deposition to increase the stability [ 24 , 25 ].…”

“…Also, tannic acid provides abundant hydroxyl groups over the surface of membrane making it hydrophilic and facilitates the efficient rejection of oil during filtration and subsequently prevents fouling of the membrane [ 30 ]. However, such membranes may not be suitable for waste water filtration where different types of other pollutants are also present in water along with oil [ 25 ]. In such cases, tannic acid crosslinked membrane is advantageous since it only allows water molecules to pass through providing the clean water.…”