Cross-linking of cellulose and poly(ethylene glycol) with citric acid

Cuadro, Pamela de; Belt, Tiina; Kontturi, Katri S.; Reza, Mehedi; Kontturi, Eero; Vuorinen, Tapani; Hughes, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.03.007

Cited by 82 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…When the cross-linking was complete, the thickness and grammage of the coatings were increased when compared with their non-cross-linked counterparts. The weight gain observed after the cross-linking is due to the accumulation of the CA attached by esterification into the hydroxyl groups in the nanocellulose fibers (De Cuadro et al 2015) and sorbitol (Sugiyama et al 1991). This weight and thickness gain indicates a successful crosslinking, as shown in an earlier study (De Cuadro et al 2015).…”

Section: Microstructure and Roughnesssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The results in Table 2 shows a significant increase in grammage after crosslinking in the case of plasticized and unplasctisized coatings with different CNC concentrations. De Cuadro et al (2015) have also shown a similar increase of the weight when filter paper was cross-linked with CA; they suggested that the reason was the accumulation of the acid attached to the cellulose after the esterification process.…”

Section: Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The peak at approximately 3300 cm -1 corresponds to O-H groups, at 2900 cm -1 , the peak corresponds to C-H groups, and at approximately 1000 cm -1 , the peak corresponds to C-O groups. These peaks correspond to the cellulose structure (Joly et al 1999;Thanh and Nhung 2009;De Cuadro et al 2015). When analyzing the FT-IR of the samples after crosslinking with citric acid (X-NC6 and X-NC6-S), a new and strong absorption band appears at approximately 1720 cm -1 that corresponds to the C=O group from the esters introduced after the esterification process.…”

Section: Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cross-linking procedure consists on the functional modification of the NC without its disintegration (de Cuadro et al 2015). Different chemicals, such as toluenesulfonic acid, hexanoic acid (Matsumura et al 2000), butyryl, benzoyl, naphtoyl, diphenyl acetatyl, and stearoyl (Vuoti et al 2013) have been used to carry out this chemical crosslinking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different chemicals, such as toluenesulfonic acid, hexanoic acid (Matsumura et al 2000), butyryl, benzoyl, naphtoyl, diphenyl acetatyl, and stearoyl (Vuoti et al 2013) have been used to carry out this chemical crosslinking. However, poly(carboxylic acid)s, such as citric acid (de Cuadro et al 2015;Quellmalz and Mihranyan 2015) or succinic acid (Zhou et al1995), have become very popular because of their environmentally friendly and non-toxic nature. The cross-linking technique has also been used to improve the wet strength of cellulosic materials (Zhou et al 1995;Quellmalz and Mihranyan 2015) and to decrease the solubility in water of polysaccharides (Sirviö et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Barrier and mechanical properties of plasticized and cross-linked nanocellulose coatings for paper packaging applications

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Barrier, mechanical and thermal properties of porous paper substrates dip-coated with nanocellulose (NC) were studied. Sorbitol plasticizer was used to improve the toughness, and citric acid crosslinker to improve the moisture stability of the coatings. In general, the addition of sorbitol increased the barrier properties, maximum strength and toughness as well as the thermal stability of the samples when compared to the non-modified NC coatings. The barrier properties significantly improved, especially for plasticized NC coating's, where the oxygen permeability value was as low as 0.7 mL lm day -1 m -2 kPa -1 at 49% RH and the water vapor permeability was reduced by 60%. Furthermore, we found that the cross-linked plasticized NC coating had a smoother surface (50% lower roughness) compared to non-modified ones. This study shows that the environmentally friendly additives sorbitol and citric acid had positive effects on NC coating properties, increasing its potential use in paperbased packaging applications.

show abstract

Section: Microstructure and Roughnesssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Barrier and mechanical properties of plasticized and cross-linked nanocellulose coatings for paper packaging applications

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Morphology, mechanical, and physical properties of wet‐spun cellulose acetate fiber in different solvent‐coagulant systems and in‐situ crosslinked environment

Swapnil

Datta

Mahmud

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wet spinning is a popular fiber manufacturing process where the effects of solvent and coagulant on the wet‐spun fiber are significant. In this study, we have explored the effect of solvent‐coagulant interaction and in‐situ crosslinking on the wet‐spun cellulose acetate (CA) fiber. Investigation on 12 different solvent‐coagulant systems revealed that variation in the systems resulted in significant variance in morphology and mechanical property of the fiber. Remarkable increase in mechanical property was observed after in‐situ crosslinking with citric acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Inclusion of sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) as catalyst further increased tensile modulus (~407%) and crystallinity index (~46%) compared to CA fiber crosslinked with only citric acid. It was established that fiber from CA‐DMSO solution crosslinked with 10% citric acid and 10% PEG extruded in ethanol showed the highest tensile modulus (~30 MPa). This in‐depth study found an appropriate combination of solvent‐coagulant for forming stable CA fiber, with the addition of crosslinkers and catalyst further increasing the strength and usability of the fiber.

show abstract

Enhancing impact resistance in E‐glass fabric composites through shear thickening fluids and functionalized polyethylene glycol

Hai,

Alhomayani,

Singh

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we delved into innovative strategies to make neat E‐glass fabrics (NGFs) more impact‐ and tensile‐resistant by using shear‐thickening fluids (STFs). To achieve this goal, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) in STFs has been modified. Subsequently, the STF‐impregnated fabric composites were prepared from unmodified PEG and functionally modified PEGs using malonic and tartaric acids, V/S/GF, M/S/GF, and T/S/GF composites, respectively. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was conducted to confirm the chemical modification of PEGs. The rheological tests showed a significant improvement in the peak viscosity of modified STFs compared with virgin STF. Dynamic rheological analysis also studied media‐particle interaction, revealing improved media‐particle interaction in STFs due to abundant H‐bonding. In addition, a series of experimental tests, namely compressive impact resistance and strip tensile strength tests, have been conducted to investigate the effect of STF modification on the NGF. The results revealed notable improvements in tensile strength and energy dissipation in the T/S/GF and M/S/GF composites compared with V/S/GF and NGF. Importantly, this improvement extended to the impact performance of single, triple, and quintuple layers. Notably, we found that the peak load of 5 T/S/GF was 37.71%, 18.57%, and 11.87% lower than that of 5NGF, 5 V/S/GF, and 5 M/S/GF, respectively. The idea that made these improvements possible came from PEG functionalization, which helps hydrogen bonds form between the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium, leading to higher viscosity. This, in turn, increases inter‐yarn friction, effectively enhancing the spring‐like properties of T/S/GF and M/S/GF compared with V/S/GF. A two‐step artificial intelligence regression analysis underpinned these findings, elucidating the interplay of molecular mechanisms in high‐performance fabric composites.

show abstract

Cross-linking of cellulose and poly(ethylene glycol) with citric acid

Cited by 82 publications

References 16 publications

Barrier and mechanical properties of plasticized and cross-linked nanocellulose coatings for paper packaging applications

Barrier and mechanical properties of plasticized and cross-linked nanocellulose coatings for paper packaging applications

Morphology, mechanical, and physical properties of wet‐spun cellulose acetate fiber in different solvent‐coagulant systems and in‐situ crosslinked environment

Enhancing impact resistance in E‐glass fabric composites through shear thickening fluids and functionalized polyethylene glycol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About