“…With continued economic and technological development, as an advanced electrochemical charge storage device, rechargeable batteries have been widely used in small electronic devices, such as smart phones, tablet computers, smart bracelets, drones, and electric vehicles, and are expected to be used in large-scale energy storage equipment in the near future. [1][2][3] Traditional inorganic electrode materials, for example, lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), [4] metal oxide (M x O y ), [5] metal sulfide (M x S y ), [6,7] layered transition metal oxides (LTMOs) (Ni/Mn + the cathode) [8] and alloy-type anode materials (Si, Sn) [9,10] are subject to expensive raw materials and limited resources. To pursue higher purity and crystallinity and stable crystal structures, high temperature solid phase reactions are important as they results in higher greenhouse gas emissions and high process cost.…”