Cross-Reactivity between Immunoglobulin G Antibodies of Whales and Dolphins Correlates with Evolutionary Distance

Nollens, Hendrik H.; Ruíz, Carolina; Walsh, Michael T.; Gulland, Frances M. D.; Bossart, Gregory D.; Jensen, Eric D.; McBain, James; Wellehan, James F.X.

doi:10.1128/cvi.00219-08

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As shown here and by others (38), in odontocetes, the cross-reactivity of immunoglobulins is extensive, thereby allowing the use of a single species anti-IgG antibody for discriminating the presence of anti-Brucella LPS antibodies. The fact that kappa values of the iELISA were considerably higher than those of the gELISA and cELISA regardless of whether the serum sample tested belonged to the homologous species (S. bredanensis) or to the heterologous species (Kogia spp.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Indeed, all these families are phylogenetically closer to the family Delphinidae, of which S. bredanensis is a member (37). Regarding the very low cross-reactivity between odontocete immunoglobulins and gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) and humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) antibodies (38), it is unlikely that this same anti-dolphin IgG would work for Mysticeti (baleen whales), an order that belongs to a different phylogenetic branch among cetaceans (37). Finally, based on limited experience with commercial anti-dolphin IgG(HϩL) antibodies, we predict that extensive cross-reactions with odontocete sera will be observed with these reagents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological Diagnosis of Brucella Infections in Odontocetes

Hernández-Mora

Manire

González-Barrientos

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Brucella ceti causes disease in Odontoceti. The absence of control serum collections and the diversity of cetaceans have hampered the standardization of serological tests for the diagnosis of cetacean brucellosis. Without a "gold" standard for sensitivity and specificity determination, an alternative approach was followed. We designed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) that recognizes immunoglobulins G (IgGs) from 17 odontocete species as a single group. For the standardization, we used Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharides, serum samples from seven resident odontocetes with no history of infectious disease displaying negative rose bengal test (RBT) reactions, and serum samples from seven dolphins infected with B. ceti. We compared the performance of the iELISA with those of the protein G ELISA (gELISA), the competitive ELISA (cELISA), and the immunofluorescence (IF) and dot blot (DB) tests, using 179 odontocete serum samples and RBT as the reference. The diagnostic potential based on sensitivity and specificity of the iELISA was superior to that of gELISA and cELISA. The correlation and agreement between the iELISA and the gELISA were relatively good (R i/g 2 ‫؍‬ 0.65 and i/g ‫؍‬ 0.66, respectively), while the correlation and agreement of these two ELISAs with cELISA were low (R i/c 2 ‫؍‬ 0.46, R g/c 2 ‫؍‬ 0.37 and i/c ‫؍‬ 0.62, g/c ‫؍‬ 0.42). In spite of using the same anti-odontocete IgG antibody, the iELISA was more specific than were the IF and DB tests. An association between high antibody titers and the presence of neurological symptoms in dolphins was observed. The prediction is that iELISA based on broadly cross-reacting anti-dolphin IgG antibody would be a reliable test for the diagnosis of brucellosis in odontocetes, including families not covered in this study.Brucellosis is a disease of terrestrial and marine mammals and a relevant zoonosis caused by intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella (34). In the last 2 decades, several strains of Brucella have been isolated from marine mammals, primarily from dolphins, porpoises, and seals (6, 11, 13-16, 18, 28, 42, 43, 49). For these marine strains, species names were proposed, first as a single cluster called "Brucella maris" (27) and, thereafter, divided into "Brucella cetaceae" and "Brucella pinnipediae" (7). Recently, the proposal of incorporating these marine strains as two new species was accepted; however, their names were corrected to Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis (15). The former Brucella species is predominant in dolphins and whales, while the latter is mainly isolated from seals and sea lions. These two new marine Brucella species can be further divided into several strains according to molecular biotyping (20), indicating that the species group is heterogeneous. The marine species display phenotypic resemblance with smooth Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, possessing the same relevant surface antigens that are commonly used for the serological diagnosis of brucellosis in bovines,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Diagnosis of Brucella Infections in Odontocetes

Hernández-Mora

Manire

González-Barrientos

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…The presence of unknown closely related organisms that may cross-react is a possibility as observed in cetacean species (Nollens et al 2008). There is antigenic similarity between T. gondii and Hammondia hammondi (Riahi et al 1998), as well as between T. gondii and Neospora caninum (Zhang et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii in a wild Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris and seroprevalence in two wild populations

Smith

Waltzek²,

Rotstein³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Marine mammals are important indicators for ecosystem health and serve as sentinel species for infectious agents including zoonoses. Histological examination of tissues from a stranded Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris revealed protozoal cysts in the cerebrum and intrahistiocytic tachyzoites in the liver and caudal mesenteric lymph node. Disseminated Toxoplasma gondii infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region of formalin-fixed tissues. The lack of baseline information on Florida manatees' exposure to this pathogen prompted a study into the seroprevalence of T. gondii in 2 separate geographic habitats in Florida, USA, during the winters from 2011−2014. Serum was collected during routine health assessments of 44 apparently healthy manatees from Crystal River (n = 26) on the west central coast of Florida and Brevard County (n = 18) on the east coast of Florida. Serum was screened for detection of T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies via the modified agglutination test. Two animals from Crystal River from 2011 and 2012 (7.7%) and one animal from Brevard County from 2011 (5.6%) tested positive for T. gondii antibodies. Overall seroprevalence for T. gondii was low in the 2 sampled populations and may reflect a low seroprevalence or animal susceptibility. However, continued monitoring of this pathogen in aquatic ecosystems is warranted due to both possible anthropogenic sources and zoonotic potential.

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“…17 For whales, it has been shown that Abs against IgG of toothed whales had a reduced ability to recognize IgG of baleen whales, 28 demonstrating the rationale of producing species-particular Abs against each host species of interest. This often has the drawback of necessitating the production of a finite amount of antispecies Abs in experimental animals that has to be renewed, which is not in line with the principles of reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A protein A/G indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-Brucellaantibodies in Arctic wildlife

et al. 2013

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Abstract.A species-independent indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on chimeric protein A/G was established for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in Arctic wildlife species and compared to previously established brucellosis serological tests for hooded seals (Cystophora cristata), minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus), as well as bacteriology results for reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus sp.). The protein A/G iELISA results were consistent with the other serological tests with Cohen kappa values between 0.47 and 0.92, and the protein A/G iELISA can thus offer a technically simple method for these species yielding results consistent with established brucellosis serological tests. Receiver operator characteristics analysis proved that the reindeer and caribou protein A/G iELISA results were consistent with the bacteriological gold standard with an area under the curve of 0.99, and the protein A/G iELISA was thus validated as a sensitive and specific serological method for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in reindeer and caribou. The binding of the antibodies from the respective species to protein A and G were also evaluated in the iELISA. The antibodies from hooded seals and polar bears reacted stronger to protein A than to G. The sei whale, fin whale, reindeer, and caribou antibodies reacted stronger to protein G than to A. The minke whale antibodies reacted to both protein A and G. There was a strong correlation (r s = 0.88-0.98) between the optical density results obtained with the iELISA with protein A/G and protein A or G, showing that protein A/G is as well suited as protein A or G for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in these species with the iELISA.

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Cross-Reactivity between Immunoglobulin G Antibodies of Whales and Dolphins Correlates with Evolutionary Distance

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Serological Diagnosis of Brucella Infections in Odontocetes

Serological Diagnosis of Brucella Infections in Odontocetes

Disseminated toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii in a wild Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris and seroprevalence in two wild populations

A protein A/G indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-Brucellaantibodies in Arctic wildlife

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