Cross-Reactivity of SARS-CoV Structural Protein Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2

Bates, Timothy A.; Weinstein, Jules B; Farley, Scotland; Leier, Hans C.; Messer, William B.; Tafesse, Fikadu G.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3696769

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The S protein present in the viral surface drives viral entry by recognizing the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor through its receptor binding domain (RBD) present in the S1 domain and is the main target for NAbs ( 20 , 21 ). Although the viral M protein and E protein are also present at the viral surface, their functions in viral entry and/or immunogenicity are still poorly understood ( 22 ). Given its critical role in viral entry and vaccine design, much more information is available for the function and immunogenicity properties of the spike protein ( 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into neutralizing antibody responses in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Chile

et al. 2021

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Chile has one of the worst numbers worldwide in terms of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and COVID-19–related deaths per million inhabitants; thus, characterization of neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses in the general population is critical to understanding of immunity at the local level. Given our inability to perform massive classical neutralization assays due to the scarce availability of BSL-3 facilities in the country, we developed and fully characterized an HIV-based SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype, which was used in a 96-well plate format to investigate NAb responses in samples from individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or treated with convalescent plasma. We also identified samples with decreased or enhanced neutralization activity against the D614G spike variant compared with the wild type, indicating the relevance of this variant in host immunity. The data presented here represent the first insights into NAb responses in individuals from Chile, serving as a guide for future studies in the country.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into neutralizing antibody responses in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Chile

et al. 2021

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“…This difference between convalescents and vaccinees suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may elicit more broadly cross-reactive and potentially cross-neutralizing antibodies, even with reduced affinity for mutant RBDs. This notion has a strong foundation in coronavirus research, as there is substantial cross-reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV spike antibodies with SARS-CoV-2 spike 18 . Indeed, risk of reinfection by VOCs may be driven by generally low serological responses in most COVID-19 patients, rather than the presence of RBD mutations that allow immune escape.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by convalescent and vaccinated serum

Bates

Leier

Lyski

et al. 2021

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We tested human sera from large, demographically balanced cohorts of BNT162b2 vaccine recipients (n=51) and COVID-19 patients (n=44) for neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. Although the effect is more pronounced in the vaccine cohort, both B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 show significantly reduced levels of neutralization by vaccinated and convalescent sera. Age is negatively correlated with neutralization in vaccinee, and levels of variant-specific RBD antibodies are proportional to neutralizing activities.

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“…Further, they explained that this spike protein exists in a metastable perfusion conformation that undergoes substantial structural rearrangement to fuse with the host membrane (21) (23). It is reported that some cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies raised against the SARS-CoV structural proteins with SARS-CoV-2 was produced by SARS-CoV-1againstSARS-CoV-2 (24). t is also reported that the spike protein has a furin cleavage site at the boundary of S1 and S2, which is processed before it binds with the host receptor (25).…”

Section: Structural Characteristics Of Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Host Immune Response Is an Alternative Strategy to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis

et al. 2021

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The novel SARS-CoV-2virus that caused the disease COVID-19 is currently a pandemic worldwide. The virus requires an alveolar type-2 pneumocyte in the host to initiate its life cycle. The viral S1 spike protein helps in the attachment of the virus on toACE-2 receptors present on type-2 pneumocytes, and the S2 spike protein helps in the fusion of the viral membrane with the host membrane. Fusion of the SARS-CoV-2virus and host membrane is followed by entry of viral RNA into the host cells which is directly translated into the replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC) following viral RNA and structural protein syntheses. As the virus replicates within type-2 pneumocytes, the host immune system is activated and alveolar macrophages start secreting cytokines and chemokines, acting as an inflammatory mediator, and chemotactic neutrophils, monocytes, natural NK cells, and CD8+ T cells initiate the local phagocytosis of infected cells. It is not the virus that kills COVID-19 patients; instead, the aberrant host immune response kills them. Modifying the response from the host immune system could reduce the high mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study examines the viral life cycle intype-2 pneumocytes and resultant host immune response along with possible therapeutic targets.

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Cross-Reactivity of SARS-CoV Structural Protein Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Insights into neutralizing antibody responses in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Chile

Insights into neutralizing antibody responses in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Chile

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by convalescent and vaccinated serum

Modulation of Host Immune Response Is an Alternative Strategy to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis

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