Cross-resistance between flucycloxuron, clofentezine and hexythiazox in Panonychus ulmi (fruit tree red spider mite)

Abstract

Grosscurt, A.C., Wixley, R.A.J. and ter Haar, M., 1994. Cross-resistance between flucycloxuron, clofentezine and hexythiazox in Panonyclu~ ulmi (fruit tree red spider mite). Exp. Acarol., 18: 445--458

Clofentezine toxicity and fate in the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Acari: Acaridae)

“…This life stage selectivity of clofentezine with the bulb mite was similar to that reported previously for tetranychid mites (Aveyard et aL, 1986;Hoy and Ouyang, 1986;Neal et al, 1986;Brooker et al,, 1987;Welty et al, 1989;Rathman et al, 1990;Reissig and Hull, 1991;Thwaite, 1991;Herron et al,, 1993;Grosscurt et al, 1994). Further, the toxicity of clofentezine to adults was not increased by piperonyl butoxide (Table 1).…”

“…1. ), is a specific acaricide that is particularly active against the eggs and larvae of several species of tetranychid mites (Aveyard et aL, 1986;Hoy and Ouyang, 1986;Neal et al, 1986;Brooker et al, 1987;Welty et al, 1989;Rathman et aL, 1990;Reissig and Hull, 1991;Thwaite, 1991;Herron et al, 1993;Grosscurt et al, 1994). However, little is known regarding its toxicity to other pest mites.…”

Baseline Susceptibility and Cross Resistances of Some New Acaricides in the European Red Mite, Panonychus ulmi*

“…Resistance to etoxazole in the clofentezine resistant population must be considered as expressed at a low level (4.2-fold), at least compared to the resistance to clofentezine which was too high to measure (>2000-fold) in this same population by these methods (Pree et al 2002). For both P. ulmi and T. urticae, cross resistance between clofentezine and hexythiazox has often been reported (Thwaite 1991;Herron et al 1993;Grosscurt et al 1994;Flexner et al 1995;Nauen et al 2001;Pree et al 2002). Resistance to hexythiazox in this population of P. ulmi was ca.…”

The economic importance of acaricides in the control of phytophagous mites and an update on recent acaricide mode of action research

“…In addition, it was further shown by cryo-sectioning and calcofluor white staining that etoxazole and hexythiazox block chitin deposition in susceptible mites, but not in resistant mites bearing the mutation [53,54]. Given the previously observed cross-resistance between clofentezine/hexythiazox and the benzoylphenylureas compounds flucycloxuron and flufenoxuron [79,80], it was further suggested that a direct interaction with chitin synthase should not be ruled out as the mode of action of benzoylphenylureas (IRAC group 15).…”