Cross-Section Studies of Recreation Expenditures in the United States

Dardis, Rachel; Derrick, Frederick W.; Lehfeld, Alane; Wolfe, K. Eric

doi:10.1080/00222216.1981.11969482

Cited by 77 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Extant work is abundant in relating travel expenditure to income, although the relationship of travel expenditure to travel activities and seasons has been less examined. Dardis et al (1981) examine the impact of various household characteristics on recreation expenditure. Their findings indicate that income plays a major role in concert with demographic characteristics in determining household expenditure on recreation.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, much extant research has viewed income as one of the most important variables determining expenditure for goods and services; it has been found to have a significant impact on the travel expenditure as well (Dardis et al, 1981(Dardis et al, , 1994Davies and Mangan, 1992;Cai et al, 1995;Jang et al, 2004). This research proposes a travel expenditure model in which, after controlling for the income effect, travel activities and seasons are explicitly included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…income) being analysed (Bryant, 1992). Expenditure on trip has usually been used as a measure of demand for travel goods and services in tourism research (Dardis et al, 1981;Davies and Mangan, 1992;Cai et al, 1995;Jang et al, 2002). According to Morrison et al (1994), travel activity participation represents a form of traveller behaviour, and activity participation behaviour is the outcome of traveller preferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of travel activities and seasons on expenditure

Jang

Cai

Morrison

et al. 2005

Journal of Tourism Research

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The primary objective of this research was to improve the understanding of the relationships among travel activities, seasons and expenditure after controlling for income. Path analysis was used to test all hypothesised causal relationships. In addition to its conceptual contributions, the findings of the study revealed how international travellers spend during travel in response to changes in activity preferences and season of travel. To maximise travellers' expenditure and to generate greater tourism revenues, destination policy-makers and marketers need to identify what types of activities and which season contribute most to their destination.

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Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of travel activities and seasons on expenditure

Jang

Cai

Morrison

et al. 2005

Journal of Tourism Research

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“…According to the demand theory, the decision to travel is affected by income, a budget constraint which consequently determines the spending capacity of individuals and their utility (see Crawford, Jackson & Godbey 1991;Dardis, Derrick, Lehfeld & Wolfe 1981).…”

Section: Literary Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Participation in Tourism Market an Opportunity for Everyone? Some Evidence from Italy

Bernini

Cracolici²

2014

SSRN Journal

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Exploring the main determinants of tourism participation at national and international level, the paper investigates if there are differences in tourism consumption behaviour among Italian families which reflect disparities in their standard of living. To achieve this a Heckman model has been used on a huge sample of Italian households over the period [1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. Results show that participation in the tourism market is strongly affected by the personal characteristics of individuals and that tourism consumption is an income sensitive good. The analysis reveals that tourism is generally a luxury good reflecting the disparities in the standard of living among Italian families. We have found that participation in the tourism market is affected not only by economic constraints, but also by cultural and territorial factors.

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“…Consequently, a large number of studies in tourism have investigated the determinants of tourism expenditure (e.g., Cai, 1999;Cai, Hong and Morrison, 1995;Dardis, Derrick, Lehfeld and Wolfe, 1981;Dardis, Soberon-Ferrer and Patro, 1994;Davies and Mangan, 1992;Fish and Waggle, 1996;Hsieh, Lang and O'Leary, 1997;Nicolau and Mas, 2005). A related stream of research has investigated patterns in tourist expenditures and how these expenditures might differ between a priori defined segments of tourists (for instance, Hong, Kim and Lee, 1999;Jang, Bai, Hong and O'Leary, 2004;Opperman, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism and discretionary income allocation. Heterogeneity among households

et al. 2008

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Tourism expenditures have been much researched in the past: at the aggregate level to evaluate national benefit of the tourism industry and at the disaggregate level to evaluate the attractiveness of tourist market segments. Past studies, however, fail to take into account that tourism expenditures are affected by the plethora of other expenditures households make and that households are heterogeneous in allocating discretionary funds to alternative spending options. The present study fills this gap by investigating heterogeneity in household discretionary expenditures derived from a realistic choice task. In doing so it challenges the implicit paradigm of prior research into tourism expenditures in which the context of the household tradeoff in allocating money is ignored. The results: highlight the importance of studying tourism expenditure in the context of other household expenditure decisions; demonstrate the high level of heterogeneity between individuals with respect to their spending preferences; and illustrate the value of this knowledge for tourism destination management as well as government policy in being able to assess the competition between expenditure categories and identify market segments most suitable for the product category offered.

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Cross-Section Studies of Recreation Expenditures in the United States

Cited by 77 publications

References 6 publications

The effects of travel activities and seasons on expenditure

The effects of travel activities and seasons on expenditure

Is Participation in Tourism Market an Opportunity for Everyone? Some Evidence from Italy

Tourism and discretionary income allocation. Heterogeneity among households

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