Cross-Sectional Analysis of Penile Length in Males 13 to 15 Years Old According to Pubertal Development Stages

Soydan, Hasan; Akyol, İlker; Ateş, Ferhat; Yılmaz, Ömer; Dursun, Furkan; Baykal, Kadir

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.06.047

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For males, both the penis and testes experience peak growth between the ages of 12 and 16. This coincides with the maximal pubertal growth spurt of in males 13,14 . Considering the characteristic penile growth peak at puberty, there must be a dramatic tunica albuginea remodeling process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Characteristics of penile growth in pubertal rats and a non‐invasive method to lengthen the penis

et al. 2020

Andrology

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Background Males with short penises may suffer from sexual dysfunction and psychological problems. However, currently, managing short penis is a huge challenge. Objectives To explore whether inhibition of lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity (anti‐LOX) combined with a vacuum device could lengthen the penis of pubertal rat. Materials and Methods Male rats of different ages were purchased, their exposed penile lengths and weights were measured, and protein expression and lysyl oxidase activity in the corpus cavernosum were analyzed. Fifteen‐day‐old rats were then purchased and divided into six groups: control, Anti‐lysyl oxidase, −200 mm Hg (vacuum device under −200 mm Hg value), −200 mm Hg + Anti‐lysyl oxidase, −300 mm Hg, and −300 mm Hg + Anti‐lysyl oxidase groups. After the intervention duration of 7 weeks, rats' penile length was measured and erectile function was assessed. The corpus cavernosum was harvested for histopathology and molecular assessments. Results Exposed penile length and weight significantly increased with age, especially between 4 and 8 weeks. Both the protein expression and lysyl oxidase activity in corpus cavernosum were the highest at 2 weeks; however, they quickly decreased with age and slowly declined after 8 weeks. Anti‐lysyl oxidase significantly increased the penile length by 10.79% over controlled rats, −200 mm Hg + Anti‐lysyl oxidase lengthened it by 14.05%, and −300 mm Hg + Anti‐lysyl oxidase increased it by 19.84%. Anti‐lysyl oxidase significantly reduced lysyl oxidase activity to decrease pyridinoline concentration; however, it did not change desmosine (P = .28), hydroxyproline (P = .14), and total elastin (P = .06) levels. Anti‐lysyl oxidase with or without a vacuum device did not diminish erectile function or impair the normal microstructure of corpus cavernosum. Discussion and Conclusion The rats' penile growth peaks occurred between 4 and 8 weeks. Anti‐lysyl oxidase with a vacuum device promoted penile lengthening by inhibiting pyridinoline production to induce tunica albuginea remodeling. The penile lengthening effect was more obvious in pubertal rats than the adult rats. None of the procedures decreased erectile function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Characteristics of penile growth in pubertal rats and a non‐invasive method to lengthen the penis

et al. 2020

Andrology

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“…These findings are most likely due to the fact that, during adolescence, people of the same age can be at different stages of sexual development. In a recent article by Soydan et al , 30 males aged 13–15 years were evaluated, and profound variability in penile length was detected within the same age group. These authors stated that penile length during puberty should be evaluated individually according to the child's current pubertal stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male external genitalia growth curves and charts for children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years in Chongqing, China

et al. 2018

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Genital size is a crucial index for the assessment of male sexual development, as abnormal penile or testicular size may be the earliest visible clinical manifestation of some diseases. However, there is a lack of data regarding penile and testicular size measurements for Chinese boys at all stages of childhood and puberty. This cross-sectional study aimed to develop appropriate growth curves and charts for male external genitalia among children and adolescents aged 0–17 years in Chongqing, China. A total of 2974 boys were enrolled in the present study. Penile length was measured using a rigid ruler, penile diameter was measured using a pachymeter, and testicular volume was determined using a Prader orchidometer. Age-specific percentile curves for penile length, penile diameter, and testicular volume were drawn using the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape. Very similar growth curves were found for both penile length and penile diameter. Both of them gradually rose to 10 years of age and then sharply increased from 11 to 15 years of age. However, testicular volume changed little before the age of 10 years. This study contributes to the literature covering age-specific growth curve and charts about male external genitalia in Chinese children and adolescents. These age-related values are valuable in evaluating the growth and development status of male external genitalia and could be helpful in diagnosing genital disorders.

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“…Actual SPL was evaluated at our clinic by one examiner in the present study in order to avoid bias between examiners and the unreliability of SPL due to self-reporting. Only patients who were categorized into Tanner stage 5 at 15 years or older were included in the present study, based on the recommendation of Soydan et al [ 17 ] that penile length be evaluated according to the pubertal stage because those within the same pubertal stage were similar. By limiting patients only to those in Tanner stage 5 and using one examiner to minimize the bias, actual post-pubertal penile size and factors affecting post-pubertal penile size could be evaluated quite precisely in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting post-pubertal penile size in patients with hypospadias

et al. 2016

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Objectives To evaluate actual post-pubertal penile size and factors affecting it in hypospadias patients, we retrospectively reviewed medical charts.Patients and methodsHypospadias patients whose external genitalia were categorized into Tanner stage 5, and whose stretched penile length was evaluated at 15 years old or older from April 2008 to April 2015, were enrolled in the present study. Stretched penile length was measured by a single examiner. Actual post-pubertal stretched penile length and factors affecting the post-pubertal stretched penile length were estimated. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U test and univariate and multivariate linear regression models for the determination of independent factors.ResultsThirty patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age at evaluation was 17.2 years. Thirteen and 17 had mild and severe hypospadias, respectively. Endocrinological abnormality was identified in 5. Multivariate analysis showed that the severity of hypospadias and endocrinological abnormality were significant factors affecting stretched penile length. Stretched penile length in 25 patients without endocrinological abnormality was significantly longer than that in those with endocrinological abnormality (p = 0.036). Among patients without endocrinological abnormality, stretched penile length in 13 with severe hypospadias was significantly shorter than that in 12 with mild hypospadias (p = 0.004).ConclusionsWhile the severity of hypospadias and endocrinological abnormality at post-pubertal evaluation were factors affecting post-pubertal penile size, stretched penile length in patients with severe hypospadias was shorter even in cases without endocrinological abnormality. These results suggest that severe hypospadias is not only a disorder of urethral development, but also a disorder of penile development.

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Cross-Sectional Analysis of Penile Length in Males 13 to 15 Years Old According to Pubertal Development Stages

Abstract: Penile length during puberty should be evaluated individually according to the current pubertal stage. Our study offers a reliable reference table of penile length for pubertal age group.

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Characteristics of penile growth in pubertal rats and a non‐invasive method to lengthen the penis

Characteristics of penile growth in pubertal rats and a non‐invasive method to lengthen the penis

Male external genitalia growth curves and charts for children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years in Chongqing, China

Factors affecting post-pubertal penile size in patients with hypospadias

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