Cross sectional epidemiological study of the severity of buccal ulceration and sharp enamel points in ridden and unridden horses

Abstract

The process of domestication of the horse introduced changes limiting accessibility to graze land and roughage while increasing highly digestible carbohydrates content of meal-fedrations. We have tested whether the effect of a higher degree of human contact impacts horses' welfare by assessing the development of sharp enamel points (SEP) and buccal ulcerations (BU) in ridden and unridden horses. We were able to fit logistic regression models significantly differentiating the impact of these two conditions in both groups of horses (p < 0.001 for SEP and p < 0.01 for BU). The impact is higher in ridden horses for both conditions. These two conditions were found to correlate positively (ρ = 0.63, p < 0.001). We argued that human contact may impact on horses' welfare. Further studies may help to clarify this impact with more detail. Dentistry may be helpful to provide improved welfare conditions; however, without regular access to grazed land, the stabled horses' welfare may be at stake.

Development of an Artificial Neural Network for the Detection of Supporting Hindlimb Lameness: A Pilot Study in Working Dogs

“…Likewise, in an artificial neuron, data are received as input; then, mathematic algorithms are applied in the artificial neuron “body”, producing an output. These algorithms are based on linear regression [ 14 ]. Conversely, the bias is an added constant that aims to adjust the neural output.…”