Cross-Sectional Estimation of Endogenous Biomarker Associations with Prenatal Phenols, Phthalates, Metals, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Single-Pollutant and Mixtures Analysis Approaches

Aung, Max T.; Yu, Youfei; Ferguson, Kelly K.; Cantonwine, David E.; Zeng, Lixia; McElrath, Thomas F.; Pennathur, Subramaniam; Mukherjee, Bhramar; Meeker, John D.

doi:10.1289/ehp7396

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…We also examined potential correlations among workers' traits linked to oxidative stress and tumor biomarkers. Earlier studies only assessed the impact of PAHs and heavy metals on oxidative stress levels, and the results were inadequate and contradictory [ 5 ]. A study of pregnant women reported that urinary hydroxylated PAHs and metal mixes were positively correlated with 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) but not in the same way with 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies only assessed the impact of PAHs and heavy metals on oxidative stress levels, and the results were inadequate and contradictory [ 5 ]. A study of pregnant women reported that urinary hydroxylated PAHs and metal mixes were positively correlated with 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) but not in the same way with 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α [ 5 ]. PAHs have shown metabolic stimulation to form free radical mediates that endure redox cycling to produce ROS, which is bound covalently to biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to lipid peroxidation, the creation of protein and DNA adducts, oxidative stress, and DNA alterations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the studies on this association in healthy young adults are inadequate [ 4 ]. The correlation between exposure among occupational workers, cellular oxidative insults, and multiple organ dysfunctions is doubtful [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association of Increased Oxidative Stress and Tumor Biomarkers Related to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure for Different Occupational Workers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Adly¹,

Saleh²

2022

Cureus

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Introduction: Exposure to occupational polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is correlated with several adverse effects on human health, including bladder, lung, and skin cancer. The correlation between PAH exposure and oxidative stress and tumor markers needs to be further explored. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine the effect of acute exposure to PAHs on oxidative stress and tumor marker levels in occupational workers during the Hajj season in Makkah. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 105 workers during Hajj; 60 workers were employed in the open air for ≥eight hours/day, exposed them to high levels of considerable traffic and huge crowds, and 45 workers served as our control group who were unexposed and working in a rural area. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we analyzed participants' urinary 1-hydroxypyrene to determine PAH levels. Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analyzed in serum using a spectrophotometer. The serum p53 and p21 proteins were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to calculate multivariate logistic regression analysis for oxidative stress and tumor markers such as age, working period, and smoking status risk factors. Additionally, we evaluated associations between oxidative stress and tumor markers. Results: The mean levels of MDA, GST, and LDH were significantly elevated in exposed workers compared to the control group (p<.001). Also, p53 and p21 protein levels were significantly higher in the occupationally exposed group than in the unexposed control group (p<0.05). No significant correlation between age and increased levels of p53 and p21 was found. Conclusions: In our study, PAH exposure is significantly correlated with higher levels of oxidative stress and tumor marker levels in occupational workers. The evaluation of oxidative stress and tumor marker indicators can efficiently identify workers at high risk of PAH exposure and may assist in preventing future health concerns. More biomarkers should be included in other longitudinal studies to address exposure related to different health risks among workers, especially cancer risk. More prospective studies are required to validate diagnostic utilities and efficiencies of different biomarker combinations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association of Increased Oxidative Stress and Tumor Biomarkers Related to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure for Different Occupational Workers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Adly¹,

Saleh²

2022

Cureus

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“…The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to minimize a large number of variables in the model and, importantly, had the unique feature of penalizing the absolute value of a regression coefficient [ 20 , 21 ]. The regression coefficient of the regression model was based on the value of λ (λmin or λ1se).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) as risk factors for breast cancer: a case–control study in Chinese population

Song

Liu

et al. 2022

Environ Health

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Background Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large family of synthetic chemicals, some of which are mammary toxicants and endocrine disruptors. Recent studies have implicated exposure to PFASs as a risk factor for breast cancer in Europe and America. Little is known about the role of PFASs with respect to breast cancer in the Chinese population. Methods Participants who were initially diagnosed with breast cancer at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between 2012 and 2016 were recruited as cases. The controls were randomly selected from the participants with available blood samples in the Chinese National Breast Cancer Screening Program (CNBCSP) cohort. Ultimately, we enrolled 373 breast cancer patients and 657 controls. Plasma PFASs were measured by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system coupled to a 5500 Q-Trap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. A logistic regression model with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularization was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the relationships between PFASs and breast cancer. The three most predictive variables in the LASSO model were selected from 17 PFASs, which was based on the optimal penalty coefficient (λ = 0.0218) identified with the minimum criterion. Additionally, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation models were applied to evaluate the associations between separate and mixed exposure to PFASs and breast cancer. Results Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exhibited the highest concentration in both the cases and controls. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA) were positively associated with breast cancer, and perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) was negatively associated with breast cancer according to both the continuous-PFASs and the quartile-PFASs logistic regression models. Of note, PFOA was associated with the occurrence of estrogen receptor (ER)-, progesterone receptor (PR)-, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (ORER+ = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.80; ORPR+ = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.69; ORHER2 = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.21). Conclusions Overall, we observed that PFASs were associated with breast cancer in Chinese women. Prospective cohort studies and mechanistic experiments are warranted to elucidate whether these associations are causal.

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“…The pathways by which phthalates may adversely affect pregnancy are not fully understood. Our previous work has shown significant associations between increased exposure to phthalates during pregnancy and various thyroid and reproductive hormones, 21 as well as biomarkers of oxidative stress, 22 , 23 inflammation, 22 , 24 , 25 and lipid metabolism, 25 which are all important for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Phthalates may exert deleterious effects on pregnancy through disruption of these physiological processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Exposure to Phthalate Mixtures and Adverse Birth Outcomes in a Puerto Rico Birth Cohort

Cathey

Watkins

Rosario

et al. 2022

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of phthalate chemicals from a range of consumer products. Previous studies have reported significant associations between individual phthalate metabolites and pregnancy outcomes, but mixtures research is limited. Objectives: We used the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats longitudinal pregnancy cohort to investigate associations between phthalate metabolite mixtures and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Women ( carrying females, carrying males) provided up to three urine samples throughout gestation (median 18, 22, and 26 wk), which were analyzed for 13 phthalate metabolites. Pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth (PTB), spontaneous PTB, small and large for gestational age (SGA, LGA), birth weight z -score, and gestational age at delivery were abstracted from medical records. Environmental risk scores (ERS) were calculated as a weighted linear combination of the phthalates from ridge regression and adaptive elastic net, which are variable selection methods to handle correlated predictors. Birth outcomes were regressed on continuous ERS. We assessed gestational average and visit-specific ERS and stratified all analyses by fetal sex. Finally, we used Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to explore nonlinear associations and interactions between metabolites. Results: Differences in metabolite weights from ridge and elastic net were apparent between birth outcomes and between fetal sexes. An interquartile range increase in gestational average phthalate ERS was associated with increased odds of PTB [male ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 2.27; female ; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.98], spontaneous PTB (male ; 95% CI: 1.46, 3.68; female ; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.82), and reduced gestational age at birth (male wk, 95% CI: , ; female wk, 95% CI: , ). Analyses by study visit suggested that exposure at wk (range 20–24 wk) was driving those associations. Bivariate plots from BKMR analysis revealed some nonlinear associations and metabolite interactions that were different between fetal sexes. Discussion: These results suggest that exposure to phthalate mixtures was associated with increased risk of early delivery and highlight the need to study mixtures by fetal sex. We also identified various metabolites displaying nonlinear relationships with measures of birth weight. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8990

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Cross-Sectional Estimation of Endogenous Biomarker Associations with Prenatal Phenols, Phthalates, Metals, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Single-Pollutant and Mixtures Analysis Approaches

Cited by 25 publications

References 75 publications

The Association of Increased Oxidative Stress and Tumor Biomarkers Related to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure for Different Occupational Workers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

The Association of Increased Oxidative Stress and Tumor Biomarkers Related to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure for Different Occupational Workers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) as risk factors for breast cancer: a case–control study in Chinese population

Biomarkers of Exposure to Phthalate Mixtures and Adverse Birth Outcomes in a Puerto Rico Birth Cohort

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