Cross-sectional study and genotyping of rotavirus-A infections in ruminants in Kuwait

Abstract

Background Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are zoonotic pathogens responsible for acute enteritis in human and neonatal ruminants. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of RVA in ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats) and investigate the circulating RVA genotypes in these animals in Kuwait. We conducted a cross-sectional study to detect RVA in ruminants, using an immunochromatography test (IC), direct sandwich ELISA test, and real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay using fecal samples. Results A total of 400 cattle, 334 sheep, and 222 goats were examined. The prevalence of RVA was 5.3, 1.2, and 2.3%, respectively, using IC. The ELISA test detected RVA from 4.3% of cattle, 0.9% of sheep, and 1.8% of goats. There was a significant association between the occurrence of diarrhea and the presence of RVA in bovine fecal samples (p-value = 0.0022), while no statistical association between diarrhea and the presence of RVA in fecal samples of sheep and goats was observed (p-value = 0.7250; p-value = 0.4499, respectively). Twenty-three of the IC-positive samples (17 from cattle, two from sheep, and four from goats) were tested using a RT-qPCR RVA detection assay targeting the NSP3 gene. The results showed that 21 of 23 IC-positive samples tested positive by RT-qPCR. Detection of RVA genotypes revealed that G10P[11] was the predominant strain in cattle (58.8%), followed by G8P[1] (11.7%). One sheep sample was genotyped as G8P[1]. In addition, G6P[1] and G6P[14] were detected in goat samples. Conclusion The present study revealed that the IC was more sensitive in detecting RVA antigen in fecal samples than the ELISA test. A higher occurrence of RVA infection was observed in cattle than in sheep and goats. This study suggests that RVA might be a risk factor of diarrhea in bovine calves less than 2 weeks old. This research also demonstrates the circulation of RVA in sheep and goat populations in Kuwait. Finally, the G10P[11] RVA genotype was the most prevalent genotype identified from cattle samples.

Unveiling Genetic Signatures Associated with Resilience to Neonatal Diarrhea in Lambs Through Dual GWAS Approaches

“…(26.9%), bovine astrovirus (22.4%), Rotavirus (11.1%), Salmonella enterica (2.6%), or Escherichia coli (1.8%). In another investigation, Abdou et al 30 discovered that the prevalence of Group A rotaviruses in non-diarrheic cattle, sheep, and goats was 2.9%, 1.3%, and 2.8%, respectively. Zhong et al 32 provided a possibly more dramatic example when they showed that the relative prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, like Bacteroides, in healthy lambs was more than double that in diarrhoeic pen mates using 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota .…”

“…To date, no study has delved into this aspect, leaving a signi cant gap in our understanding of neonatal diarrhea in farm animals. Nevertheless, intriguing observations have been made indicating that despite carrying enteric pathogens, many neonatal animals exhibit no clinical signs of diarrhea 30,31,32 .…”

Concurrent infections of enteric viruses (BRV, BCoV, BVDV, BToV) in calves with neonatal diarrhea

“…Daha az yaygın olarak G8 genotipi de tespit edilmiştir 16 . Bu genotipler genellikle P [5], P [11] genotipleri ve daha az sıklıkla P [1] genotipi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir 17 . Türkiye' de ishalli buzağılarla yapılan saha çalışmalarda sıklıkla G10P [11] genotipine rastlanmaktadır 11 .…”

“…Saha çalışmaları sırasında tespit edilen sığır rotavirus genotiplerinin büyük çoğunluğu G6, G10 11 ve daha az yaygın olan G8 olarak tespit edilmiştir 16 . Bu genotipler genellikle P [5], P [11] ve daha az sıklıkla P [1] ile ilişkilendirilmiştir 17 .…”