Cross-sectional study indicates nearly a quarter of sheep population in Karnataka state of India is infected with ovine herpesvirus 2

Premkrishnan, G. N.; Sood, Richa; Hemadri, D.; Chanu, Kh. Victoria; Khandia, Rekha; Bhat, Sushant; Dimri, Umesh; Bhatia, Sandeep

doi:10.1007/s13337-015-0274-8

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The farmer was unwilling for a postmortem. In previous study, progression of corneal edema correlated well with disease outcome, and that non improvement of uveitis was considered as a bad prognostic sign [3]. The same was observed in this case study also.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Cohort Study of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Cavery Delta Districts of Tamil Nadu

S¹

2019

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An 18 months old crossbred Holstein Friesian heifer was referred to the Large animal Medicine Referral clinic of the Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Tamilnadu. India. Upon Clinical examination it had pyrexia (41.5 ℃), highly enlarged pre scapular lymph nodes and bilateral corneal opacity. Systemic examination was unremarkable. Clinical samples like whole blood in EDTA, clotted blood in serum activator tubes and peripheral blood smears were collected and analyzed. Clinical samples were also collected from co -habituating sheep population where the affected cattle were reared. Complete blood count, biochemical tests and blood protozoan screening were done. Data like geolocation, season and farming details were collected and analyzed (Figure 1).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Cohort Study of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Cavery Delta Districts of Tamil Nadu

S¹

2019

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“…It is possible that the calf acquired the OvHV-2 infection from either of these two sheep, because calf had no history of common grazing with animals of other farms. Based on a few molecular epidemiology studies (by RT-PCR) on OvHV-2 that have been conducted so far in India, the prevalence of OvHV-2 in sheep varied from 24.44% to 85%, the highest being in the Northern part of India and the lowest in the Southern part of India ( 10 , 12 , 14 ). It may be noted that these differences arising from the different grographical regions may likely be due to false-negative results in RT-PCR assays, due to the low viral load in blood of the latently infected individual animals from reservoir species (sheep and goats).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The confirmation of SA-MCF disease by OvHV-2 genome detection in sheep and goat (10), captive bison (11), and cattle (12,13) has since then been reported. The prevalence of OvHV-2 in sheep ranged from 24.44% to 85% in various states in India (10,12,14) however, the genetic characterization of OvHV-2 was not reported in any of these studies. In the present study, we report an investigation of SA-MCF disease in a cattle calf and asymptomatic infection in the in-contact reservoir hosts (sheep and goat) that occurred on a farm located at Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

First Molecular Evidence and Genetic Characterization of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 in Multiple Animal Species in India

et al. 2021

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Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is the causative agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a highly fatal disease syndrome that predominantly affects susceptible hosts of the order Artiodactyla. In this study, an in-depth clinico-molecular investigation of SA-MCF disease in a morbid 50-days-old cattle calf (Bos taurus indicus) and asymptomatic infection in the in-contact reservoir hosts, sheep (Ovis aries), and goat (Capra hircus) housed on a farm located in the Southern India is reported. An OIE recommended SA-MCF type-specific PCR confirmed the etiological agent as OvHV-2. The genetic characterization and phylogenetic analyses based on the glycoprotein B (gB) gene indicate that three genetic variants of OvHV-2 had infected the animal cluster of this study. As the OvHV-2 infection eventually lead to the death of the cattle calf, and the fact that its gB sequence carried four unique amino acid substitutions (N169S, L594P, I645V, and V730A), an investigation of these substitutions impact on its stability and molecular flexibility was carried out. The mapping of these amino acid substitutions on the three-dimensional structure of gB coupled with supplementary investigations showed that these substitutions conveyed the molecular flexibility to the gB, at the cost of its stability. Future studies would be to investigate whether these gB substitutions have any impact on membrane fusion activity using a virus-free cell-to-cell membrane fusion assay. The study also highlights the importance of adopting stringent biosecurity measures where mixed animal farming is a common practice.

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“…Kumar et al (2014) also reported an outbreak of SA-MCF in cattle in a village in Andhra Pradesh in which thirteen adult cows and two calves died out of a population of forty animals. Recently, Premkrishnan et al (2015) reported that nearly a quarter of sheep population in Karnataka state of India is infected with OvHV-2. The disease is generally infrequent in countries where Bos indicus and Bos taurus are predominant species.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheep associated MCF is a particular problem in farmed bison, deer and Bali cattle (Li et al 2006, Russell et al 2009. It is also enzootic in India where sheep are raised (Wani et al 2004, Vinod et al 2014, Premkrishnan et al 2015. MCF is a very complex disease and is difficult to control as the infections are symptomless and widespread in reservoir hosts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Malignant catarrhal fever: recent update

Hussain

Kashoo

Wani

et al. 2017

Indian J of Anim Sci

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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a serious, usually fatal disease affecting many species of ungulates of the subfamily Bovinae and family Cervidae including pigs and caused by a herpesvirus under the genus Macavirus in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Ten Macaviruses have been identified to date and 6 were found to be associated with clinical MCF. Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1), which causes inapparent infection in wildebeest and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), which is associated with subclinical infections in sheep are the two most important herpes viruses that cause clinical wildebeest associated MCF (WA-MCF) and sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF), respectively. The disease is characterized by accumulation of lymphocytes (predominantly CD8+ T cells) in a variety of organs, often associated with tissue necrosis. AIHV-1 can be recovered from animals, while OvHV-2 has never been recovered from affected animals, only OvHV-2 specific DNA is detected in cultured lymphoblastoid cells from infected animals. Diagnosis is normally achieved by observing the clinical signs, characteristic histopathological changes, ELISA and detection of viral DNA in the infected animals. Detection of viral DNA by PCR is becoming the method of choice for diagnosing the SA-MCF. Currently, there is no effective disease control measure. Attenuated AlHV-1 virus vaccine has been developed with varying degree of success for control of WAMCF in Africa. Separation of reservoir host from susceptible host or raising of OvHV-2 free sheep is the only solution for control of SA-MCF. In India, our group first confirmed SA-MCF in Kashmir. The present article updates current epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control of MCF with special reference to India.

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Cross-sectional study indicates nearly a quarter of sheep population in Karnataka state of India is infected with ovine herpesvirus 2

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Cohort Study of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Cavery Delta Districts of Tamil Nadu

Cohort Study of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Cavery Delta Districts of Tamil Nadu

First Molecular Evidence and Genetic Characterization of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 in Multiple Animal Species in India

Malignant catarrhal fever: recent update

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